Shloka 30

अनुत्तरीयवसनमनुपस्तीर्णशायिनम्‌ । बाहूपधान शाम्यन्तं त॑ देवा ब्राह्मणं विदु:

anuttarīyavasanam anupastīrṇaśāyinam | bāhūpadhānaṃ śāmyantaṃ taṃ devā brāhmaṇaṃ viduḥ ||

Ca-tỳ-la nói: Chư thiên nhận biết bậc Bà-la-môn chân thật là người không có áo khoác, ngủ không cần chăn nệm, lấy chính cánh tay làm gối, và luôn an tịnh, tự chế. Chính sự tiết chế nội tâm và đời sống giản dị mới là dấu hiệu của phẩm vị tâm linh.

अनुत्तरीयवसनम्having no upper garment (only a lower cloth)
अनुत्तरीयवसनम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootअनुत्तरीय-वसन
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
अनुपस्तीर्णशायिनम्sleeping without bedding/spread
अनुपस्तीर्णशायिनम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootअनुपस्तीर्ण-शायिन्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
बाहूपधानम्having the arm(s) as a pillow
बाहूपधानम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootबाहु-उपधान
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
शाम्यन्तम्being calm/peaceful
शाम्यन्तम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootशम् (धातु) → शाम्यत् (वर्तमान कृदन्त)
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
तम्him
तम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
देवाःthe gods
देवाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदेव
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
ब्राह्मणम्a brahmin
ब्राह्मणम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootब्राह्मण
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
विदुःknow/recognize
विदुः:
TypeVerb
Rootविद् (धातु)
FormPerfect (लिट्), 3rd, Plural

कपिल उवाच

K
Kapila
D
devāḥ (the gods)
B
brāhmaṇa (the true brāhmaṇa)

Educational Q&A

True brahminhood is defined by inner qualities—calmness, restraint, and contentment with extreme simplicity—rather than by external status or ritual display. The verse presents renunciation and peace as the decisive markers of spiritual authenticity.

In Kapila’s instruction within the Śānti Parva, he describes the ideal ascetic-brāhmaṇa. By listing concrete signs of austerity (no upper garment, no bedding, arms as pillow) and the inner state of pacification, he frames a standard by which the gods themselves ‘recognize’ the truly virtuous person.