Shloka 21

तृष्णाक्षय-उपदेशः

Instruction on the Cessation of Craving

Devanagari script

अनारम्भा: सुधृतय: शुचयो ब्रह्मसंज्ञिता: । ब्रह्मणैव सम ते देवांस्तर्पयन्त्यमृतेषिण:

Transliteration

anārambhāḥ sudhṛtayaḥ śucayo brahmasaṃjñitāḥ | brahmaṇaiva sama te devāṃs tarpayanty amṛteṣiṇaḥ ||

Translation

Kapila nói: Những ai đã từ bỏ mọi khởi sự, tự chế vững bền, thanh tịnh và an trụ trong trạng thái gọi là “Brahman”—kẻ tìm cầu bất tử—thì làm thỏa mãn chư thiên không bằng hành vi tế tự, mà bằng chính Brahman, tức bằng sự chứng ngộ Tối Thượng.

Word by Word

• अनारम्भाः: non-initiating (free from undertaking actions)
• अनारम्भाः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अनारम्भ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• सुधृतयः: steadfast, well-controlled
• सुधृतयः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सुधृति (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• शुचयः: pure
• शुचयः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: शुचि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• ब्रह्मसंज्ञिताः: designated/known as Brahman (Brahman-named)
• ब्रह्मसंज्ञिताः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: ब्रह्मसंज्ञित (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• ब्रह्मणा: by/with Brahman (Brahman-knowledge)
• ब्रह्मणा: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: ब्रह्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Instrumental, Singular

• एव: indeed, only
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव

• समे: equal-minded, impartial
• समे: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सम (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Plural

• देवान्: the gods
• देवान्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: देव (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Plural

• तर्पयन्ति: they satisfy, they gratify
• Type: Verb
• Root: तृप् (धातु)
• Form: Present, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada, Active

• अमृतेषिणः: seekers of immortality
• अमृतेषिणः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अमृतेषिन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

Speaker

कपिल उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Kapila
• Devas
• Brahman

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

True renunciants—pure and self-controlled—do not depend on external ritual action to fulfill religious aims; their Brahman-realization itself is presented as the highest ‘offering,’ which is said to satisfy the gods while they pursue immortality (mokṣa).

What is happening in the narrative?

Kapila is describing the conduct and spiritual status of advanced renunciants: having withdrawn from initiating actions, they abide in Brahman and, through that knowledge alone, are portrayed as fulfilling even the traditional obligation of pleasing the gods.