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Shloka 10

मोक्षोपाय-निर्णयः

Determination of the Means to Liberation

दस्यून्‌ निहन्ति वै राजा भूयसो वाप्यनागस: । भार्या माता पिता पुत्रो हन्यन्ते पुरुषेण ते । परेणापकृतो राजा तस्मात्‌ सम्यक्‌ प्रधारयेत्‌

dasyūn nihanti vai rājā bhūyaso vāpy anāgasaḥ | bhāryā mātā pitā putro hanyante puruṣeṇa te | pareṇāpakṛto rājā tasmāt samyak pradhārayet ||

Dyumatsena nói: “Một vị vua quả có thể giết bọn cướp—thậm chí giết cả nhiều người vô tội. Khi một người bị giết như vậy, vợ, mẹ, cha và con của người ấy cũng như bị giết theo, vì kế sinh nhai của họ bị cắt đứt. Bởi thế, dù bị kẻ khác xúc phạm hay làm hại, nhà vua vẫn phải cân nhắc cho đúng và hành xử thận trọng, chớ vội vàng đi đến án tử.”

दस्यून्robbers, bandits
दस्यून्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootदस्यु
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
निहन्तिkills, slays
निहन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootहन् (नि-)
FormPresent (Lat), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
वैindeed
वै:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवै
राजाthe king
राजा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
भूयसःmany more (persons)
भूयसः:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootभूयस्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
अपिalso, even
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
अनागसःinnocent, guiltless
अनागसः:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootअनागस्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
भार्याwife
भार्या:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभार्या
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
माताmother
माता:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमातृ
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
पिताfather
पिता:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपितृ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
पुत्रःson
पुत्रः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपुत्र
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
हन्यन्तेare killed, are as good as killed
हन्यन्ते:
TypeVerb
Rootहन्
FormPresent (Lat), 3rd, Plural, Atmanepada (Passive)
पुरुषेणby a man (i.e., by that person/king)
पुरुषेण:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootपुरुष
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
तेthey
ते:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
परेणby another (person)
परेण:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootपर
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
अपकृतःwronged, harmed
अपकृतः:
TypeAdjective
Rootअपकृत (अप-√कृ)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
राजाthe king
राजा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तस्मात्therefore, from that (reason)
तस्मात्:
Apadana
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Ablative, Singular
सम्यक्properly, well
सम्यक्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसम्यक्
प्रधारयेत्should consider, should deliberate
प्रधारयेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootप्र-√धृ
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
राजाthe king
राजा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

इुमत्सेन उवाच

D
Dyumatsena
R
rājā (the king)
D
dasyu (bandits/robbers)
B
bhāryā (wife)
M
mātā (mother)
P
pitā (father)
P
putra (son)

Educational Q&A

Even when a king has been wronged, he must deliberate carefully before imposing capital punishment, because killing one person can effectively destroy the lives of that person’s dependents; justice must be tempered by foresight and compassion.

Dyumatsena is instructing on royal duty (rājadharma), warning that a ruler’s punitive power can harm not only the condemned—sometimes even the innocent—but also their family who lose support; hence the king should not act hastily.