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Shloka 45

पापात्म-धर्मात्म-लक्षणम् तथा निर्वेदेन मोक्षमार्गः | Marks of the Sinful and the Righteous; Dispassion (Nirveda) as a Path to Liberation

मेधातिथिर्महाप्राज्ञो गौतमस्तपसि स्थित: । विमृश्य तेन कालेन पत्न्या: संस्थाव्यतिक्रमम्‌,महाज्ञानी तपोनिष्ठ मेधातिथि गौतम उस समय पत्नीके वधके अनौचित्यपर विचार करके अधिक संतप्त हो गये। वे दुःखसे आँसू बहाते हुए वेदाध्ययन और धैर्यके प्रभावसे किसी तरह अपनेको सँभाले रहे और पश्चात्ताप करते हुए मन-ही-मन इस प्रकार कहने लगे --

Medhātithir mahāprājño Gautamas tapasi sthitaḥ | vimṛśya tena kālena patnyāḥ saṁsthāvyatikramam ||

Bhīṣma nói: “Medhātithi Gautama, bậc hiền triết đại trí, kiên trú trong khổ hạnh, khi ấy suy ngẫm về sự bất xứng của việc giết vợ mình. Đau đớn khôn cùng, ông gắng giữ vững bản thân nhờ kỷ luật của việc học Veda và sức chịu đựng nội tâm; rồi, đầy hối hận, ông bắt đầu tự nói trong lòng.”

मेधातिथिःMedhātithi (name)
मेधातिथिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमेधातिथि
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
महाप्राज्ञःvery wise
महाप्राज्ञः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootमहाप्राज्ञ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
गौतमःGautama (name)
गौतमः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootगौतम
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तपसिin austerity / in penance
तपसि:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootतपस्
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
स्थितःstanding; abiding
स्थितः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootस्था
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular, kta (past passive participle)
विमृश्यhaving reflected/considered
विमृश्य:
TypeVerb
Rootवि+मृश्
Formktvā (absolutive/gerund)
तेनby that; with that
तेन:
Karana
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Singular
कालेनby/at that time
कालेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootकाल
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
पत्न्याःof (his) wife
पत्न्याः:
TypeNoun
Rootपत्नी
FormFeminine, Genitive, Singular
संस्थाव्यतिक्रमम्transgression/violation of proper conduct (established rule)
संस्थाव्यतिक्रमम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसंस्था-व्यतिक्रम
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
M
Medhātithi
G
Gautama
P
patnī (wife)

Educational Q&A

Even when one believes oneself justified, dharma requires reflective scrutiny of one’s actions—especially violence within intimate bonds. The verse highlights ethical self-examination, restraint, and repentance as marks of true wisdom and ascetic discipline.

Bhishma describes the sage Medhātithi Gautama, who, after considering the wrongness of killing his wife, becomes overwhelmed with grief. He steadies himself through Vedic discipline and composure, then begins an inward, remorseful reflection.