Previous Verse
Next Verse

Shloka 10

Daṇḍa, Ahiṃsā, and Proportional Kingship: The Dyumatsena–Satyavān Dialogue (दण्ड-अहिंसा-विवेकः)

ते चेत्‌ सर्वप्रमाणं वै प्रमाणं ह्ृत्र विद्यते । प्रमाणे5प्यप्रमाणेन विरुद्धे शास्त्रता कुत:

te cet sarva-pramāṇaṃ vai pramāṇaṃ hy atra vidyate | pramāṇe 'py apramāṇena viruddhe śāstratā kutaḥ ||

Yudhiṣṭhira nói: “Nếu Veda quả thật là chuẩn mực phổ quát của tri thức chân xác, thì ở đây chỉ riêng Veda mới là thẩm quyền. Nhưng khi ngay cả thẩm quyền ấy lại bị điều bị xem là ‘phi thẩm quyền’ đem ra phủ nhận, thì làm sao bất cứ điều gì còn giữ được địa vị ‘śāstra’? Và nếu một Smṛti mâu thuẫn với Śruti, thì dựa vào đâu nó còn có thể được gọi là kinh điển?”

तेthey / those
ते:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
Formmasculine, nominative, plural
चेत्if
चेत्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootचेत्
सर्व-प्रमाणम्the all-authoritative (standard of proof)
सर्व-प्रमाणम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसर्वप्रमाण
Formneuter, accusative, singular
वैindeed
वै:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवै
प्रमाणम्a valid authority / proof
प्रमाणम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootप्रमाण
Formneuter, accusative, singular
हृतम्taken away / removed
हृतम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootहृ (धातु) / हृत (कृदन्त)
Formneuter, nominative, singular, past passive participle (क्त)
विद्यतेexists / is found
विद्यते:
TypeVerb
Rootविद् (विद्+यते; passive/ātmanepada usage)
Formpresent, 3rd, singular, ātmanepada
प्रमाणेin/with regard to the authority (standard of proof)
प्रमाणे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootप्रमाण
Formneuter, locative, singular
अपिeven / also
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
अ-प्रमाणेनby/with what is non-authoritative
अ-प्रमाणेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootअप्रमाण
Formneuter, instrumental, singular
विरुद्धेwhen (it is) in contradiction
विरुद्धे:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootविरुद्ध
Formneuter, locative, singular
शास्त्रताthe status of being scripture / scriptural authority
शास्त्रता:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootशास्त्रता
Formfeminine, nominative, singular
कुतःwhence? how? (how can it be?)
कुतः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकुतः

युधिछिर उवाच

Y
Yudhiṣṭhira

Educational Q&A

The verse argues that scriptural authority depends on consistency with the highest accepted pramāṇa (Śruti/Veda). If a text or rule (such as Smṛti) contradicts Śruti, its claim to be ‘śāstra’ becomes untenable.

In the Śānti Parva’s dharma-discourse, Yudhiṣṭhira presses a critical question about how to determine true dharma when different authorities appear to conflict, challenging the basis on which secondary texts can remain authoritative.