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Shloka 12

तुलाधार-उपदेशः

Tulādhāra’s Instruction to Jājali on Ahiṃsā and Abhaya-dāna

भीष्म उवाच आहुः षष्टिं बुद्धिगुणान्‌ वै भूतविशिष्टा नित्यविषक्ता: । भूतविभूती श्चाक्षरसृष्टा: पुत्र न नित्यं तदिह वदन्ति

bhīṣma uvāca | āhuḥ ṣaṣṭiṁ buddhiguṇān vai bhūtaviśiṣṭā nityaviṣaktāḥ | bhūtavibhūtīś cākṣarasṛṣṭāḥ putra na nityaṁ tad iha vadanti |

Bhīṣma nói: “Người ta tuyên rằng trí tuệ (buddhi) có sáu mươi phẩm tính—những phẩm tính được phân biệt theo tương quan với các đại chủng, và luôn kết hợp với thức. Năm đại chủng và các biểu hiện của chúng là sự sáng tạo của Đấng Bất Hoại; nhưng vì chúng biến đổi, nên những bậc tri tánh không gọi chúng là ‘vĩnh cửu’ trong đời này, hỡi con.”

भीष्मःBhishma
भीष्मः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभीष्म
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
आहुःthey say
आहुः:
TypeVerb
Rootअह्
FormPerfect, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
षष्टिम्sixty
षष्टिम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootषष्टि
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
बुद्धि-गुणान्qualities of intellect
बुद्धि-गुणान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootगुण
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
वैindeed
वै:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवै
भूत-विशिष्टाःdistinguished/characterized by the elements
भूत-विशिष्टाः:
TypeAdjective
Rootविशिष्ट
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
नित्य-विषक्ताःever-attached/always connected
नित्य-विषक्ताः:
TypeAdjective
Rootविषक्त
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
भूत-विभूतयःmanifestations/powers of the elements
भूत-विभूतयः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootविभूति
FormFeminine, Nominative, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अक्षर-सृष्टाःcreated by the Imperishable (Brahman)
अक्षर-सृष्टाः:
TypeAdjective
Rootसृष्ट
FormFeminine, Nominative, Plural
पुत्रO son
पुत्र:
TypeNoun
Rootपुत्र
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
नित्यम्eternal (as a predicate/object)
नित्यम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootनित्य
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
तत्that
तत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
इहhere/in this context
इह:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइह
वदन्तिthey say/declare
वदन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootवद्
FormPresent, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
Y
Yudhiṣṭhira
B
buddhi
P
pañca-mahābhūta (five great elements)
A
akṣara (the Imperishable)

Educational Q&A

Bhishma conveys a discriminative point: although the elements and their evolutes arise from the Imperishable principle, they are not called eternal because they are subject to transformation. True knowledge distinguishes the unchanging source (akṣara) from changing manifestations (bhūtas and their vibhūtis).

In the Shanti Parva dialogue, Bhishma instructs Yudhisthira on philosophical categories. Here he reports the sages’ enumeration of the intellect’s qualities in relation to the elements and clarifies why the manifested world, though rooted in the Imperishable, is not termed eternal by those who know reality.