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Shloka 15

Adhyāya 249 — Mṛtyu-prādurbhāvaḥ (The Manifestation of Death) / Restraint of Tejas and Ordered Saṃhāra

संसारसागरगमां योनिपातालदुस्तराम्‌ | आत्मकर्मोद्धवां तात जिद्नावर्ता दुरासदाम्‌

saṃsārasāgaragamāṃ yonipātāladustarām | ātmakarmoddhavāṃ tāta jihvāvartāṃ durāsadām ||

Vyāsa nói: “Hỡi con, dòng chảy của đời sống thế gian này như một con sông kinh hoàng chảy qua mọi thế giới rồi đổ vào biển lớn saṃsāra. Nguồn của nó khó lần; đáy sâu như cõi âm; vượt qua thì cực kỳ khó. Nó sinh từ chính nghiệp của mỗi người; xoáy nước của nó là cái lưỡi—sự thèm khát vị ngon và ham muốn—và đến gần cũng đã nguy hiểm. Chỉ với trí hiểu thanh tịnh và tự chế, con người mới có thể lội qua con sông ấy và đến nơi an ổn.”

संसारworldly existence
संसार:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसंसार
FormMasculine, Nominative/Accusative (in compound base), Singular
सागरocean
सागर:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसागर
FormMasculine, Nominative/Accusative (in compound base), Singular
गमाम्going to / leading to
गमाम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootगम (गमन)
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
योनिwomb; source; origin
योनि:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootयोनि
FormFeminine, Nominative/Accusative (in compound base), Singular
पातालnetherworld
पाताल:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootपाताल
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative (in compound base), Singular
दुस्तराम्hard to cross
दुस्तराम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootदुस्तर
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
आत्मself
आत्म:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootआत्मन्
FormMasculine, Nominative/Accusative (in compound base), Singular
कर्मaction; deed
कर्म:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootकर्मन्
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative (in compound base), Singular
उद्भवाम्arisen from; produced by
उद्भवाम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootउद्भव (उद्+भू)
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
तातdear one; son (voc.)
तात:
TypeNoun
Rootतात
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
जिह्नcrooked; oblique
जिह्न:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootजिह्न
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative (in compound base), Singular
आवर्ताwhirlpool; eddy
आवर्ता:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootआवर्त
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
दुरासदाम्hard to approach/overcome
दुरासदाम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootदुरासद
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular

व्यास उवाच

V
Vyāsa
S
saṃsāra (worldly existence)
S
saṃsāra-sāgara (ocean of saṃsāra)
J
jihvā (tongue) as a metaphorical whirlpool
K
karma (action)

Educational Q&A

Worldly bondage is self-created through one’s own karma and cravings; sense-driven appetite (symbolized by the tongue) becomes a whirlpool that drags one back into saṃsāra. The remedy implied is purification of intellect, restraint, and disciplined living aimed at liberation.

In Śānti Parva’s instruction-oriented setting, Vyāsa addresses a listener affectionately (“tāta”) and teaches through a vivid allegory: saṃsāra is a terrifying river leading into the ocean of continued existence, difficult to cross because of inner forces like craving and habit.