Shloka 31

आत्मदर्शन-उपदेशः (Ātma-darśana Upadeśa) — Mind, Senses, and the All-pervading Self

Devanagari script

सहस्रयुगपर्यन्तमहर्यद्ब्रह्म॒णो विदु: । रात्रि युगसहस्रान्तां तेडहोरात्रविदो जना:

Transliteration

sahasra-yuga-paryantam ahar yad brahmaṇo viduḥ | rātriṁ yuga-sahasrāntāṁ te 'ho-rātra-vido janāḥ ||

Translation

Vyāsa nói: Những ai thật sự hiểu thước đo ngày và đêm đều biết rằng “ngày” của Phạm Thiên (Brahmā) kéo dài đến hết một nghìn yuga, và “đêm” của Ngài cũng kết thúc sau một nghìn yuga. Bởi vậy, bậc trí giả nhận biết thời gian theo quy mô vũ trụ, vượt khỏi cách tính thông thường của loài người.

Word by Word

• सहस्रयुगपर्यन्तम्: up to (the span of) a thousand yugas
• सहस्रयुगपर्यन्तम्: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: सहस्र + युग + पर्यन्त
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• अहः: day
• अहः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: अहन्
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Singular

• यत्: which
• यत्: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद्
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Singular

• ब्रह्मणः: of Brahmā / of Brahman (here: Brahmā)
• ब्रह्मणः: Sambandha
• Type: Noun
• Root: ब्रह्मन्
• Form: Neuter, Genitive, Singular

• विदुः: know
• विदुः: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: विद्
• Form: Perfect, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada

• रात्रिम्: night
• रात्रिम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: रात्रि
• Form: Feminine, Accusative, Singular

• युगसहस्रान्ताम्: ending with a thousand yugas (i.e., lasting a thousand yugas)
• युगसहस्रान्ताम्: Visheshana
• Type: Adjective
• Root: युग + सहस्र + अन्त
• Form: Feminine, Accusative, Singular

• ते: they
• ते: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• अहोरात्रविदः: knowers of day and night
• अहोरात्रविदः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: अहोरात्र + विद्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• जनाः: people
• जनाः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: जन
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

Speaker

व्यास उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Vyāsa
• Brahmā
• yuga

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse teaches that true wisdom includes understanding time from a cosmic perspective: Brahmā’s day and night each span a thousand yugas. This relativizes human concerns and encourages detachment, patience, and dharmic steadiness in the face of change.

What is happening in the narrative?

Vyāsa is explaining a doctrinal point about cosmic cycles—how the universe is governed by vast measures of time (Brahmā’s day and night). The statement frames ethical and spiritual instruction within a larger cosmological order.