Shloka 38

योग–सांख्यसमन्वयः, रथोपमा, व्यक्त–अव्यक्तविवेकः

Yoga–Sāṃkhya Synthesis, Chariot Allegory, and the Vyakta–Avyakta Distinction

Devanagari script

कल्यं घृतं चान्ववेक्षन्‌ प्रयता ब्रह्मवादिन: । मड़ल्यान्यपि चापश्यन्‌ ब्राह्मणांश्वाप्पपूजयन्‌

Transliteration

kalyaṃ ghṛtaṃ cānvavekṣan prayatā brahmavādinaḥ | maṅgalyāny api cāpaśyan brāhmaṇāṃś cāpy apūjayan ||

Translation

Śakra nói: “Những bậc thuyết giảng Brahman, đã chế ngự tâm và các căn, thường dậy lúc bình minh, chiêm ngưỡng bơ tinh luyện (ghi) như điềm lành, tụng đọc Veda, nhìn các vật cát tường khác, và tôn kính các Bà-la-môn. Nhờ mở đầu ngày mới bằng sự thanh tịnh, nghi lễ đúng pháp và lòng tôn kính, họ nâng giữ dharma và làm vững trật tự đạo lý.”

Word by Word

• कल्यम्: morning; early time
• कल्यम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: कल्य
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• घृतम्: ghee
• घृतम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: घृत
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• अन्ववेक्षन्: they looked at; they observed
• Type: Verb
• Root: अनु + अव + ईक्ष्
• Form: Imperfect (Laṅ), 3rd, Plural, Parasmaipada

• प्रयताः: disciplined; self-restrained
• प्रयताः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: प्रयत
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• ब्रह्मवादिनः: expounders of Brahman/Veda; Vedic scholars
• ब्रह्मवादिनः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: ब्रह्मवादिन्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• मङ्गल्यानि: auspicious things
• मङ्गल्यानि: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: मङ्गल्य
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Plural

• अपि: also; even
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अपि

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• अपश्यन्: they saw
• Type: Verb
• Root: दृश्
• Form: Imperfect (Laṅ), 3rd, Plural, Parasmaipada

• ब्राह्मणान्: Brahmins
• ब्राह्मणान्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: ब्राह्मण
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Plural

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• अप्पपूजयन्: they worshipped (with water); they honored
• Type: Verb
• Root: अप् + पूज्
• Form: Imperfect (Laṅ), 3rd, Plural, Parasmaipada

Speaker

शक्र उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Śakra (Indra)
• Brāhmaṇas
• ghṛta (ghee)
• Vedas (implied by brahmavādinaḥ and recitation)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse teaches that dharma is sustained through disciplined daily conduct: rising early, cultivating purity and auspiciousness, engaging in Vedic study, and honoring the learned and virtuous (Brāhmaṇas). Ethical life is shown as a set of repeated, embodied practices rather than mere belief.

What is happening in the narrative?

Śakra (Indra) describes the customary morning observances of disciplined Vedic practitioners: at dawn they behold auspicious substances like ghee, recite the Vedas, seek other auspicious signs, and perform acts of respect toward Brāhmaṇas—portraying an ideal social-religious routine.