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Shloka 30

योग–सांख्यसमन्वयः, रथोपमा, व्यक्त–अव्यक्तविवेकः

Yoga–Sāṃkhya Synthesis, Chariot Allegory, and the Vyakta–Avyakta Distinction

दानाध्ययनयज्ञेज्यापितृदैवतपूजनम्‌ । गुरूणामतिथीनां च तेषां सत्यमवर्तत

dānādhyayana-yajñejyā-pitṛ-daivata-pūjanam | gurūṇām atithīnāṁ ca teṣāṁ satyam avartata ||

Śakra nói: “Giữa họ, việc bố thí, học hỏi thánh điển và cử hành tế lễ đã được thiết lập. Họ thờ phụng chư thần và tổ tiên, kính trọng thầy dạy và tiếp đãi khách; và sự chân thật ngự trị trong hạnh kiểm của họ.”

दानgift, charity
दान:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदान
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
अध्ययनstudy
अध्ययन:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअध्ययन
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
यज्ञsacrifice, yajña
यज्ञ:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootयज्ञ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
इज्याworship, ritual offering
इज्या:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootइज्या
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
पितृof the ancestors (pitṛs)
पितृ:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootपितृ
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
दैवतof the deity/divine
दैवत:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootदैवत
FormNeuter, Genitive, Singular
पूजनम्worship, honoring
पूजनम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपूजन
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
गुरूणाम्of the teachers
गुरूणाम्:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootगुरु
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
अतिथीनाम्of the guests
अतिथीनाम्:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootअतिथि
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
तेषाम्of them, among them
तेषाम्:
Adhikarana
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Plural
सत्यम्truth, truthfulness
सत्यम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसत्य
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
अवर्ततprevailed, existed, was observed
अवर्तत:
TypeVerb
Rootवृत्
FormImperfect (Laṅ), 3rd, Singular, Ātmanepada

शक्र उवाच

Ś
Śakra (Indra)
P
pitṛs (ancestors)
D
daivatāni (deities)
G
gurus (teachers)
A
atithis (guests)

Educational Q&A

The verse presents a dharmic ideal: a society is sustained by charity, disciplined learning, sacrificial worship, reverence to gods and ancestors, honoring teachers and guests, and steadfast truthfulness.

Indra (Śakra) describes the earlier conduct of a community (contextually, the daityas/asuras in a former time): they followed Vedic duties—giving, study, sacrifice, worship, hospitality—and truth prevailed among them.