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Shloka 19

ब्राह्मणस्य पूर्वतरा वृत्तिः — The Earlier Ideal Conduct of a Brahmana

River-of-Saṃsāra Metaphor

“तुम्हें वरूणके पाशसे बाँधा गया, वज़से घायल किया गया तथा तुम्हारी स्त्री और धनका भी अपहरण कर लिया गया; फिर भी बोलो, तुम्हें शोक कैसे नहीं होता है? ।।

tvaṁ varuṇasya pāśena baddho vajreṇa ca tāḍitaḥ | bhāryā-dhanaṁ ca te hṛtaṁ tathāpi brūhi kathaṁ na śocasi || naṣṭaśrī-vibhavo bhraṣṭo yan na śocasi duṣkaram | trailokya-rājya-nāśe hi ko 'nyo jīvitum utsahet ||

Bhīṣma nói: “Ngươi đã bị thòng lọng của Varuṇa trói buộc, bị vajra đánh trúng, đến cả vợ và của cải cũng bị cướp đi. Vậy hãy nói—sao ngươi lại không đau buồn? Ngươi đã rơi khỏi phú quý và quyền thế mà vẫn không than khóc, quả là điều khó ai làm được. Bởi nếu ngay cả ngôi bá chủ của ba cõi bị mất, còn ai khác có thể vẫn muốn tiếp tục sống?”

नष्टश्रीविभवःone whose prosperity and power are lost
नष्टश्रीविभवः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootनष्ट-श्री-विभव
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
भ्रष्टःfallen, deprived
भ्रष्टः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootभ्रष्ट
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
यत्that (fact) / that which
यत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
शोचसिyou grieve
शोचसि:
TypeVerb
Rootशुच्
FormPresent, Second, Singular, Parasmaipada, Indicative
दुष्करम्difficult, hard to do/endure
दुष्करम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootदुष्कर
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
त्रैलोक्यराज्यनाशेupon the destruction of sovereignty over the three worlds
त्रैलोक्यराज्यनाशे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootत्रैलोक्य-राज्य-नाश
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
हिindeed, for
हि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि
कःwho?
कः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootकिम्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अन्यःother
अन्यः:
Karta
TypePronoun/Adjective
Rootअन्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
जीवितुम्to live
जीवितुम्:
TypeVerb
Rootजीव्
FormTumun (infinitive)
उत्सहेत्would be able / would dare
उत्सहेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootउत्सह्
FormPresent, Optative, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
V
Varuṇa
P
pāśa (noose)
V
vajra (thunderbolt)
B
bhāryā (wife)
D
dhana (wealth)
T
trailokya (three worlds)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights extraordinary steadiness of mind: even after severe losses—bondage, injury, and the abduction of wife and wealth—one may remain unshaken. Bhīṣma frames such non-grieving as rare, implicitly pointing to inner resilience and detachment from external fortune as a high ethical attainment.

Bhīṣma addresses a person who has suffered extreme reversals—divine restraint (Varuṇa’s noose), a devastating blow (the thunderbolt), and the loss of family and property. He expresses astonishment that the person does not grieve, arguing that even the loss of universal sovereignty would normally crush one’s will to live.