Shloka 44

कालनिर्णयः, युगधर्मवर्णनम्, सृष्टिक्रमश्च

Time-Reckoning, Yuga-Dharma, and the Sequence of Creation

Devanagari script

तदद्य विनिवृत्तं मे प्रभुत्वममराधिप । कालसैन्यावगाढस्य सर्व न प्रतिभाति मे

Transliteration

tad adya vinivṛttaṃ me prabhutvam amarādhipa | kālasainyāvagāḍhasya sarvaṃ na pratibhāti me ||

Translation

Hôm nay quyền bá chủ của ta đã chấm dứt, hỡi chúa tể của các bậc bất tử. Bị đạo quân của Thời gian tràn ngập và vây phủ, mọi huy hoàng xưa của ta nay chẳng còn tỏa sáng trước mắt ta nữa. Lời này đặt cả quyền năng thần linh dưới luật đạo lý và huyền nhiệm: Thời gian (kāla) khuất phục mọi quyền lực hữu hạn, khuyên người ta khiêm cung và buông xả khỏi sự chấp trước vào quyền trị vì.

Word by Word

• तत्: that (power/sovereignty)
• तत्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: Neuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular

• अद्य: today/now
• अद्य: Adhikarana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अद्य

• विनिवृत्तम्: ended/ceased/withdrawn
• विनिवृत्तम्: Karma
• Type: Verb
• Root: वि-नि-वृत्
• Form: Neuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular, क्त (past passive participle)

• मे: of me / my
• मे: Sampradana
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: अस्मद्
• Form: —, Genitive, Singular

• प्रभुत्वम्: sovereignty/lordship
• प्रभुत्वम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: प्रभुत्व
• Form: Neuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular

• अमर-अधिप: O lord of the immortals
• अमर-अधिप: Sampradana
• Type: Noun
• Root: अमराधिप
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

• काल-सैन्य-अवगाढस्य: of one overwhelmed/engulfed by the army of Time
• काल-सैन्य-अवगाढस्य: Adhikarana
• Type: Adjective
• Root: कालसैन्यावगाढ
• Form: Masculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular, क्त (past passive participle)

• सर्वम्: everything/all
• सर्वम्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun/Adjective
• Root: सर्व
• Form: Neuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular

• न: not
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न

• प्रतिभाति: appears/seems/shines forth
• Type: Verb
• Root: प्रति-भा
• Form: Present, 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

• मे: to me / for me
• मे: Sampradana
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: अस्मद्
• Form: —, Dative/Genitive, Singular

• अमर-ईश्वर: O lord of the immortals
• अमर-ईश्वर: Sampradana
• Type: Noun
• Root: अमरेश्वर
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

Speaker

श॒क्र उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Śakra (Indra)
• Amarādhipa/Amareśvara (Indra, as addressed)
• Kāla (Time/Death personified)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

Even the highest sovereignty is not absolute: Time (kāla) overmasters all worldly and heavenly power. The verse teaches humility before cosmic law and encourages non-attachment to status, authority, and splendor.

What is happening in the narrative?

Śakra (Indra) confesses that his former lordship and radiance no longer manifest because he feels overwhelmed by the force of Time—portrayed as an invading army—signaling a moment of divine vulnerability and recognition of impermanence.