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Shloka 2

अर्जुनस्य युधिष्ठिरं प्रति क्षात्रधर्मोपदेशः | Arjuna’s Counsel to Yudhiṣṭhira on Kṣatra-Dharma

क्षत्रधर्मेण धर्मज्ञ प्राप्य राज्यं सुदुर्लभम्‌ । जित्वा चारीन्‌ नरश्रेष्ठ तप्यते कि भृशं भवान्‌,“धर्मके ज्ञाता नरश्रेष्ठ) आप क्षत्रियधर्मके अनुसार इस परम दुर्लभ राज्यको पाकर और शत्रुओंको जीतकर इतने अधिक संतप्त क्‍यों हो रहे हैं?

kṣatradharmeṇa dharmajña prāpya rājyaṃ sudurlabham | jitvā cārīn naraśreṣṭha tapyate ki bhṛśaṃ bhavān ||

“Bậc am tường dharma, bậc tối thượng trong loài người! Ngài đã theo kṣatriya-dharma mà đạt được vương quốc cực khó giành này, lại đã chiến thắng kẻ thù; cớ sao ngài còn bị dày vò đến thế? Vì sao nỗi hối hận cháy bỏng ấy vẫn còn bám lấy ngài?”

क्षत्रधर्मेणby/through the kshatriya-duty
क्षत्रधर्मेण:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootक्षत्रधर्म
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
धर्मज्ञO knower of dharma
धर्मज्ञ:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootधर्मज्ञ
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
प्राप्यhaving obtained
प्राप्य:
Adhikarana
TypeVerb
Rootप्र-आप्
FormLyap (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage-neutral for gerund)
राज्यम्kingdom, sovereignty
राज्यम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootराज्य
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
सुदुर्लभम्very hard to obtain
सुदुर्लभम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootसुदुर्लभ
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
जित्वाhaving conquered
जित्वा:
Adhikarana
TypeVerb
Rootजि
FormKtvā (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage-neutral for gerund)
अरीन्enemies
अरीन्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअरि
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
नरश्रेष्ठO best of men
नरश्रेष्ठ:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootनरश्रेष्ठ
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
तप्यतेis afflicted, grieves
तप्यते:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootतप्
FormPresent, Indicative, Atmanepada, Third, Singular
किम्why?
किम्:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकिम्
भृशम्excessively, greatly
भृशम्:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootभृशम्
भवान्you (honorific)
भवान्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootभवत्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

वैशम्पायन उवाच

V
Vaiśampāyana
U
unnamed addressee (naraśreṣṭha, dharmajña)
R
rājya (kingdom/sovereignty)
A
arī (enemies/foes)

Educational Q&A

Even when power is gained through socially sanctioned duty (kṣatriya-dharma) and military success, inner suffering can persist; the verse foregrounds the tension between external legitimacy and the conscience’s moral reckoning.

Vaiśampāyana addresses a foremost man—one regarded as a knower of dharma—questioning why he remains deeply distressed despite having obtained a hard-won kingdom and defeated his enemies, setting up reflection on grief and ethical aftermath.