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Shloka 40

Śakra–Namuci-saṃvāda: Śoka-nivāraṇa and Daiva-vicāra

Indra and Namuci on grief, composure, and inevitability

एतदाहुः समाहार क्षेत्रमध्यात्मचिन्तका: । स्थितो मनसि यो भाव: स वै क्षेत्रज्ञ उच्यते

etad āhuḥ samāhāraṃ kṣetram adhyātma-cintakāḥ | sthito manasi yo bhāvaḥ sa vai kṣetrajña ucyate ||

Bhīṣma nói: “Những bậc quán chiếu chân lý của nội ngã tuyên rằng: tổng thể—thân này cùng các căn—là ‘cánh đồng’ (kṣetra). Nguyên lý ý thức an trú trong tâm, sự tỉnh giác nội tại biết và soi sáng mọi kinh nghiệm, được gọi là ‘kẻ biết cánh đồng’ (kṣetrajña), tức tự ngã cá thể.”

एतत्this (statement/thing)
एतत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
आहुःthey say
आहुः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootअह् (ब्रू/वद्-अर्थे)
FormPerfect (Paroksha), Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
समाहारम्an aggregate, collection
समाहारम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसमाहार
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
क्षेत्रम्the field (body as field)
क्षेत्रम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootक्षेत्र
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
अध्यात्मचिन्तकाःthinkers on the self (adhyātma)
अध्यात्मचिन्तकाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअध्यात्मचिन्तक
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
स्थितःsituated, abiding
स्थितः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootस्था (क्त)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
मनसिin the mind
मनसि:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootमनस्
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
यःwho/which
यः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
भावःstate, principle, entity
भावः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभाव
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सःhe/that
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
वैindeed
वै:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवै
क्षेत्रज्ञःknower of the field (self)
क्षेत्रज्ञः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootक्षेत्रज्ञ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उच्यतेis called
उच्यते:
TypeVerb
Rootवच् (उच्यते)
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Passive (Karmani)

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma

Educational Q&A

The verse distinguishes between the ‘field’ (kṣetra)—the composite of body and senses—and the ‘knower of the field’ (kṣetrajña)—the conscious principle that experiences and knows. Ethical clarity arises from not confusing the changing body-mind with the witnessing self.

In the Shanti Parva’s instruction on dharma and inner knowledge, Bhishma teaches Yudhishthira a philosophical framework: defining the body-sense complex as the arena of experience and identifying the indwelling consciousness as the true knower.