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Shloka 21

दमप्रशंसा — Praise of Self-Restraint

Dama

इन्द्रियोंकी उत्पत्ति और लय--ये दोनों कार्य रजोगुणमें ही होते हैं। विद्वान्‌ पुरुष शास्त्रदृष्टिसे इन बातोंकी भलीभाँति परीक्षा करके यथोचित आचरण करे ।।

indriyāṇāṁ utpattiḥ layaś ca—ete ubhau kāryau rajoguṇe eva bhavataḥ | vidvān puruṣaḥ śāstradṛṣṭyā etāḥ kathāḥ samyak parīkṣya yathocitam ācaret || jñānendriyāṇi indriyārthān na upasarpanti atṛṣṇulam | hīnaiḥ karaṇaiḥ dehī na dehaṁ punaḥ arhati ||

Bhīṣma giảng rằng: sự sinh khởi và hoại diệt của các căn đều là những vận hành đặt nền trên rajas (tính động, tính khuấy động). Vì thế, bậc trí phải dùng con mắt kinh điển mà xét kỹ, rồi hành xử cho hợp lẽ. Khi không còn ái dục, các căn nhận thức không còn lao về đối tượng; và khi tự ngã hữu thân đã lìa sự dính mắc với cảnh trần—như thể các khí cụ của nó đã yếu đi—thì nó không còn thọ nhận một thân khác nữa.

ज्ञानेन्द्रियाणिsense-organs of knowledge
ज्ञानेन्द्रियाणि:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootज्ञानेन्द्रिय
FormNeuter, Nominative, Plural
इन्द्रियार्थान्objects of the senses
इन्द्रियार्थान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootइन्द्रियार्थ
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
उपसर्पन्तिapproach / move towards
उपसर्पन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootउपसृप्
FormPresent, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
अतृष्णम्one free from craving
अतृष्णम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootअतृष्ण
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
हीनैःwith deficient / weakened
हीनैः:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootहीन
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Plural
करणैःinstruments (sense-organs)
करणैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootकरण
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Plural
देहीthe embodied self
देही:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदेहिन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
देहम्body
देहम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootदेह
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
पुनःagain
पुनः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपुनः
अर्हतिdeserves / is fit (to take up)
अर्हति:
TypeVerb
Rootअर्ह्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma (speaker)

Educational Q&A

Craving drives the senses outward and sustains embodied existence; when thirst for objects is extinguished and the senses no longer pursue their targets, the basis for further embodiment (rebirth) is removed. Hence one should examine this through śāstra and practice appropriate restraint and detachment.

In the Shanti Parva’s instruction section, Bhishma continues his counsel on inner discipline and liberation-oriented ethics, explaining how the guṇas—especially rajas—relate to the activity of the senses and how freedom from desire leads toward release from repeated embodiment.