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Shloka 18

दमप्रशंसा — Praise of Self-Restraint

Dama

संजातैर्जायते गात्रै: कर्मजैर्वर्ष्मणा वृत: । दुःखाद्यन्तैर्दु:खमध्यैर्नर: शारीरमानसै:

sañjātair jāyate gātraiḥ karmajair varṣmaṇā vṛtaḥ | duḥkhādyantair duḥkhamadhyair naraḥ śārīramānasaiḥ ||

Bhīṣma nói: Con người sinh ra với các chi thể do sức mạnh của nghiệp quá khứ mà thành hình, khoác lấy một thân thể trọn vẹn. Từ đầu đến giữa rồi đến cuối đời, người ấy vẫn bị khổ não bức bách—cả khổ thân lẫn khổ tâm—chừng nào còn ở trong cảnh giới hữu thân.

संजातैःby arisen/produced
संजातैः:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootसंजात (सम्+√जन्, क्त)
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Plural
जायतेis born / comes into being
जायते:
Karta
TypeVerb
Root√जन्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Atmanepada
गात्रैःwith limbs
गात्रैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootगात्र
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Plural
कर्मजैःborn of karma
कर्मजैः:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootकर्मज
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Plural
वर्ष्मणाwith the body/frame
वर्ष्मणा:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootवर्ष्मन्
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
वृतःcovered/endowed
वृतः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootवृत (√वृ, क्त)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
दुःखsorrow/pain
दुःख:
TypeNoun
Rootदुःख
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative (as compound-member), Singular
आद्यन्तैःwith beginning and end
आद्यन्तैः:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootआद्यन्त
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Plural
दुःखमध्यैःhaving pain as the middle
दुःखमध्यैः:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootदुःखमध्य
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Plural
नरःa man/person
नरः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
शारीरमानसैःbodily and mental
शारीरमानसैः:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootशारीरमानस
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Plural

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
N
nara (human being)

Educational Q&A

Embodied birth is shaped by karma, and embodied life is pervaded by physical and mental suffering from start to finish; this supports a reflective, renunciatory outlook and a search for liberation beyond mere bodily identification.

In Bhīṣma’s instruction in the Śānti Parva, he describes the human condition: a person takes birth with a karma-formed body and inevitably experiences ongoing bodily and mental distress throughout life.