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Shloka 17

Vyaktāvyakta-Viveka and Nivṛtti as Paramā Gati

Manifest–Unmanifest Discrimination and the Supreme Path of Withdrawal

यथर्र्तावृतुलिड्रानि नानारूपाणि पर्यये । दृश्यन्ते तानि तान्येव तथा भावा युगादिषु

yathārtāvṛtuliṅgāni nānārūpāṇi paryaye | dṛśyante tāni tānyeva tathā bhāvā yugādiṣu ||

Bhīṣma nói: “Như những dấu hiệu của bốn mùa, trong vòng tuần hoàn lặp lại, tuy mang nhiều hình thái khác nhau nhưng vẫn được thấy đi thấy lại như chính những dấu mốc của mùa ấy; cũng vậy, các trạng thái của tồn tại lại tái hiện qua những yuga nối tiếp.”

यथाjust as
यथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा
ऋतौin a season
ऋतौ:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootऋतु
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
ऋतुलिङ्गानिseasonal signs/marks
ऋतुलिङ्गानि:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootऋतुलिङ्ग
FormNeuter, Nominative, Plural
नाना-रूपाणिof various forms
नाना-रूपाणि:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootनानारूप
FormNeuter, Nominative, Plural
पर्ययेin the cycle/sequence (of change)
पर्यये:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootपर्यय
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
दृश्यन्तेare seen/appear
दृश्यन्ते:
TypeVerb
Rootदृश्
FormPresent, Indicative, Atmanepada (passive sense), Third, Plural
तानिthose
तानि:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Plural
तानिthose (same)
तानि:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Plural
एवindeed/only
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
तथाso/in the same way
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
भावाःstates/conditions/entities
भावाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभाव
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
युग-आदिषुin the yugas and the like (cycles)
युग-आदिषु:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootयुगादि
FormMasculine, Locative, Plural

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
ṛtu (seasons)
Y
yuga (ages)

Educational Q&A

Time and worldly conditions move in cycles: just as seasonal signs return in a fixed rhythm though appearing in varied forms, so do human and cosmic conditions recur across the yugas. This frames ethical reflection by reminding the listener that decline and renewal are patterned, not random.

In Śānti Parva, Bhīṣma instructs Yudhiṣṭhira on governance, dharma, and the nature of time. Here he uses the recurring seasons as an analogy to explain the repetition of conditions across successive ages (yugas).