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Shloka 8

प्रजापतयः देवगणाश्च दिशि-दिशि स्थिताः ऋषयः

Prajāpatis, Deva-Groups, and the Ṛṣis Assigned to the Directions

ऋषक््‌सामसंघांश्व यजूंषि चापि च्छन्दांसि नक्षत्रगतिं निरुक्तम्‌ | अधीत्य च व्याकरणं सकल्पं शिक्षां च भूतप्रकृतिं न वेझि

ṛk-sāma-saṁghānś ca yajūṁṣi cāpi chandāṁsi nakṣatra-gatiṁ niruktam | adhītya ca vyākaraṇaṁ sa-kalpaṁ śikṣāṁ ca bhūta-prakṛtiṁ na vetsi ||

Bhishma nói: “Tôi đã học các tập tụng ca của Ṛg-veda và Sāma-veda, cả các công thức Yajus, và Chandas (vần luật Veda/cũng chỉ truyền thống Atharva). Tôi cũng đã học đường vận hành của tinh tú, Nirukta (giải nghĩa từ nguyên) và ngữ pháp; cùng với Kalpa và Śikṣā. Thế nhưng, dù học đến thế, tôi vẫn chưa thật biết nguyên nhân vật chất căn bản của các đại chủng—như hư không và những yếu tố còn lại.”

ऋक्Rig-vedic verses (Ṛk)
ऋक्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootऋच्
FormFeminine, Accusative, Plural
सामSāma chants
साम:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसामन्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Plural
संघान्collections/compilations
संघान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसंघ
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
यजूंषिYajus formulas (Yajurveda)
यजूंषि:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootयजुस्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अपिalso/even
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
छन्दांसिmeters / (by extension) Atharva-veda
छन्दांसि:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootछन्दस्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Plural
नक्षत्रof the stars/constellations
नक्षत्र:
TypeNoun
Rootनक्षत्र
FormNeuter, Genitive, Plural
गतिम्motion/course
गतिम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootगति
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
निरुक्तम्Nirukta (etymology/exegesis)
निरुक्तम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootनिरुक्त
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
अधीत्यhaving studied
अधीत्य:
TypeVerb
Rootअधि-इ
Formक्त्वा (absolutive), Parasmaipada (usage-neutral here)
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
व्याकरणम्grammar
व्याकरणम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootव्याकरण
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
सकल्पम्together with Kalpa (ritual science)
सकल्पम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootस-कल्प
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
शिक्षाम्phonetics/Śikṣā
शिक्षाम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootशिक्षा
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
भूतof the elements/beings
भूत:
TypeNoun
Rootभूत
FormNeuter, Genitive, Plural
प्रकृतिम्nature/primary cause (material nature)
प्रकृतिम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootप्रकृति
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
वेद्मिI know
वेद्मि:
TypeVerb
Rootविद्
FormPresent (Lat), 1st, Singular, Parasmaipada

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma

Educational Q&A

Bhishma highlights that mastery of sacred texts and auxiliary sciences (Vedas, Vedāṅgas, astronomy) does not automatically yield realization of ultimate reality; true wisdom requires insight into the fundamental cause and nature of the elements, not merely accumulated learning.

In the Śānti Parva’s instruction-setting, Bhishma speaks as a teacher reflecting on the scope and limits of his own extensive education, using his confession of not knowing the ‘bhūta-prakṛti’ to steer the discussion toward deeper metaphysical understanding beyond ritual and linguistic expertise.