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Shloka 15

Śarīrin, Buddhi, and the Limits of Sense-Perception (इन्द्रियबुद्धिशरीरिविचारः)

विचारश्न विवेकश्न वितर्कश्षोपजायते । मुने: समादधानस्य प्रथमं ध्यानमादितः,योगी जब ध्यानका आरम्भ करता है, तब पहले उसके मनमें ध्यानविषयक विचार, विवेक और वितर्क आदि प्रकट होते हैं

vicāraś ca vivekaś ca vitarkaś copajāyate | muneḥ samādhānasya prathamaṃ dhyānam āditaḥ ||

Bhīṣma nói: Khi một bậc hiền giả–yogin bắt đầu hành trì thiền định và gom tâm hướng về sự chuyên nhất, thì ngay từ thuở ban đầu đã khởi lên những vận động của tâm như tư duy quán chiếu, trí phân biệt, và sự biện luận gắn với đối tượng thiền. Đó là nấc đầu của kỷ luật nội tâm, nơi tâm lần đầu học cách rời sự tán loạn để hướng đến sự sáng tỏ.

विचारःthought, reflection
विचारः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootविचार
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
विवेकःdiscernment, discrimination
विवेकः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootविवेक
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
वितर्कःreasoning, deliberation
वितर्कः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवितर्क
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
उपजायतेarises, comes into being
उपजायते:
TypeVerb
Rootउप-√जन् (जायते)
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Atmanepada
मुनेःof the sage
मुनेः:
TypeNoun
Rootमुनि
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
समादधानस्यof (him) who is applying/placing (the mind), concentrating
समादधानस्य:
TypeVerb
Rootसम्-आ-√धा (समादधत्) → समादधान
FormShatr (present active participle), Masculine, Genitive, Singular
प्रथमम्first, at first
प्रथमम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रथम
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
ध्यानम्meditation
ध्यानम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootध्यान
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
आदितःfrom the beginning, at the outset
आदितः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootआदि

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
M
muni (sage)
Y
yogi

Educational Q&A

At the beginning of meditation, the mind does not become silent immediately; it first produces structured mental activity—reflection (vicāra), discernment (viveka), and reasoning (vitarka). These are presented as natural early signs of concentration developing, guiding the practitioner toward clearer, ethically informed awareness.

In the Śānti Parva’s instruction on dharma and inner discipline, Bhīṣma is teaching about yogic practice. He describes the initial phase of a sage’s meditation: as the yogin starts to concentrate, certain cognitive processes arise around the meditation-object, indicating the mind’s transition from scattered thought to ordered contemplation.