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Shloka 40

मनु-उपदेशः — भूत-उत्पत्ति, इन्द्रिय-निवृत्ति, तथा पर-स्वभाव-विवेकः

Manu’s Instruction on Elemental Origination, Sense-Withdrawal, and Discrimination of the Supreme Nature

पृथग्भूतौ प्रकृत्या तौ सम्प्रयुक्तौ च सर्वदा । यथा मत्स्यो जलं॑ चैव सम्प्रयुक्तो तथैव तौ

pṛthagbhūtau prakṛtyā tau samprayuktau ca sarvadā | yathā matsyo jalaṃ caiva samprayukto tathaiva tau ||

Bhīṣma giải thích: Tuy hai điều ấy khác nhau ngay từ bản tánh, chúng vẫn luôn gắn liền. Như cá và nước là hai thực thể khác nhau nhưng trong đời sống thì không thể tách rời, cũng vậy, tự ngã (ātman) và khí cụ nội tâm như trí (buddhi) khác nhau về bản thể, song vẫn cùng vận hành trong kinh nghiệm của thân hữu.

पृथक्separately, distinct
पृथक्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपृथक्
भूतौbecome, existing (as)
भूतौ:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootभूत
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual
प्रकृत्याby nature
प्रकृत्या:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootप्रकृति
FormFeminine, Instrumental, Singular
तौthose two
तौ:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual
सम्प्रयुक्तौjoined together, conjoined
सम्प्रयुक्तौ:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसम्-प्र-युज्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
सर्वदाalways
सर्वदा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसर्वदा
यथाjust as
यथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा
मत्स्यःfish
मत्स्यः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमत्स्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
जलम्water
जलम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootजल
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
एवindeed, just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
सम्प्रयुक्तःjoined, conjoined
सम्प्रयुक्तः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसम्-प्र-युज्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तथाso, in the same way
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
एवindeed, just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
तौthose two
तौ:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
F
fish
W
water
B
buddhi
A
atman

Educational Q&A

The verse teaches discernment: the self (ātman) and intellect/mind (buddhi) are inherently distinct, yet in embodied life they operate in constant conjunction. Recognizing this helps one act in dharma without mistaking mental functions for the true self.

In Śānti Parva, Bhīṣma is instructing Yudhiṣṭhira on philosophical and ethical foundations after the war. Here he uses the fish-and-water analogy to clarify how two different principles can remain inseparably associated in lived experience.