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Shloka 18

Adhyāya 189: Japa—Inquiry into the Jāpaka, Method

Vidhi), and Fruit (Phala

पिशाचा राक्षसा: प्रेता विविधा म्लेच्छजातय: । प्रणष्टज्ञानविज्ञाना: स्वच्छन्दाचारचेष्टिता,वे ज्ञान-विज्ञानसे हीन और स्वेच्छाचारी लोग पिशाच, राक्षस, प्रेत तथा नाना प्रकारकी म्लेच्छ-जातिके होते हैं

piśācā rākṣasāḥ pretā vividhā mlecchajātayaḥ | praṇaṣṭajñānavijñānāḥ svacchandācāraceṣṭitāḥ ||

Bharadvāja nói: “Những kẻ đã đánh mất tri kiến chân thật và năng lực phân biệt, lại hành động theo ý muốn buông thả—không tự chế trong hạnh kiểm—thì bị kể vào hàng piśāca, rākṣasa, preta, và muôn loại dân mleccha. Câu kệ xem sự suy đồi đạo đức và trí tuệ như một sự rơi xuống những dạng sống phi nhân, cảnh tỉnh rằng tự do không có dharma sẽ trở thành tự hủy.”

पिशाचाःpiśācas (ghouls)
पिशाचाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपिशाच
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
राक्षसाःrākṣasas (demons)
राक्षसाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootराक्षस
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
प्रेताःpretas (departed spirits)
प्रेताः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootप्रेत
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
विविधाःvarious
विविधाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootविविध
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
म्लेच्छजातयःmleccha-tribes/castes
म्लेच्छजातयः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootम्लेच्छजाति
FormFeminine, Nominative, Plural
प्रणष्टज्ञानविज्ञानाःthose whose knowledge and discernment are lost
प्रणष्टज्ञानविज्ञानाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रणष्टज्ञानविज्ञान
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
स्वच्छन्दाचारचेष्टिताःthose whose conduct and actions are self-willed
स्वच्छन्दाचारचेष्टिताः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootस्वच्छन्दाचारचेष्टित
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural

भरद्वाज उवाच

B
Bharadvāja
P
Piśāca
R
Rākṣasa
P
Preta
M
Mleccha-jāti

Educational Q&A

The verse teaches that when people lose knowledge (jñāna) and discernment (vijñāna) and live by mere whim (svacchanda), their conduct becomes adharma; such a life is portrayed as a descent into ‘inhuman’ categories (piśāca/rākṣasa/preta), emphasizing that ethical restraint and right understanding are essential to human dignity.

In the Śānti Parva’s instruction on dharma and right living, Bharadvāja characterizes certain degraded modes of life: those who are intellectually and morally ruined and act without restraint are described using traditional typologies of beings and outsider groups, as a didactic warning about the consequences of abandoning dharmic conduct.