Shloka 39

Devanagari script

षड्ज ऋषभगान्धारौ मध्यमो धैवतस्तथा । पज्चमश्नापि विज्ञेयस्तथा चापि निषादवान्‌

Transliteration

ṣaḍja ṛṣabha-gāndhārau madhyamo dhaivatas tathā | pañcamaś cāpi vijñeyas tathā cāpi niṣādavān ||

Translation

Bharadvāja nói: “Hãy biết các nốt như sau: ṣaḍja, ṛṣabha và gāndhāra; rồi madhyama và dhaivata; và cả pañcama—cùng với niṣāda.” Trong lời dạy này, bậc hiền triết bày ra trật tự của âm thanh, ngụ ý rằng tri thức có kỷ luật và sự sắp đặt đúng đắn (krama) là điều cốt yếu cho mọi nghệ thuật tinh luyện, và rộng hơn, cho một đời sống được trị lý tốt.

Word by Word

• षड्जः: the note Ṣaḍja (Sa)
• षड्जः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: षड्ज
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• ऋषभः: the note Ṛṣabha (Ri)
• ऋषभः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: ऋषभ
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• गान्धारः: the note Gāndhāra (Ga)
• गान्धारः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: गान्धार
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• मध्यमः: the note Madhyama (Ma)
• मध्यमः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: मध्यम
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• धैवतः: the note Dhaivata (Dha)
• धैवतः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: धैवत
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• तथा: and likewise
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तथा

• पञ्चमः: the note Pañcama (Pa)
• पञ्चमः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: पञ्चम
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• अपि: also
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अपि

• विज्ञेयः: is to be known / should be recognized
• Type: Verb
• Root: वि-ज्ञा
• Form: Gerundive (तव्यत्/यत्-type obligation; here -य), Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• तथा: likewise
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तथा

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• अपि: also
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अपि

• निषादवान्: possessing the note Niṣāda (Ni)
• निषादवान्: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: निषादवत्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

Speaker

भरद्वाज उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Bharadvāja
• Ṣaḍja
• Ṛṣabha
• Gāndhāra
• Madhyama
• Dhaivata
• Pañcama
• Niṣāda

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse teaches the ordered recognition of the musical notes (svaras). By emphasizing correct identification and sequence, it implicitly upholds the broader ethical idea that knowledge, practice, and harmony arise from disciplined structure.

What is happening in the narrative?

Bharadvāja is instructing—within a didactic context of the Śānti Parva—by enumerating the principal notes used in musical theory, presenting them as items to be properly known and understood.