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Shloka 2

Varṇa-lakṣaṇa and Ātma-saṃyama (Marks of Social Conduct and Self-Restraint) | वर्णलक्षणम् एवं आत्मसंयमः

भीष्म उवाच आत्मनानर्थयुक्तेन पापे निविशते मन: । स्वकर्मकलुषं कृत्वा कृच्छे लोके विधीयते,भीष्मजीने कहा--राजन्‌! काम, क्रोध आदि दोषोंसे युक्त बुद्धिकी प्रेरणासे मन पापकर्ममें प्रवृत्त होता है। इस प्रकार मनुष्य अपने ही कार्योद्वारा पाप करके दुःखमय लोक (नरक) में गिराया जाता है

bhīṣma uvāca ātmanānarthayuktena pāpe niviśate manaḥ | svakarmakaluṣaṃ kṛtvā kṛcchre loke vidhīyate ||

Bhīṣma đáp: “Tâu Đại vương, khi bản ngã kết hợp với điều bất lợi—bị thúc đẩy bởi các lỗi như dục vọng và sân hận—tâm liền sa vào tội. Tự làm mình hoen ố bởi chính nghiệp của mình, con người vì thế bị định vào một cõi khổ đau và gian nan (tựa như địa ngục).”

भीष्मःBhishma
भीष्मः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभीष्म
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect, Third, Singular
आत्मनाby oneself / by the self
आत्मना:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootआत्मन्
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
अनर्थयुक्तेनendowed with evil/purposelessness
अनर्थयुक्तेन:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootअनर्थयुक्त
FormMasculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Singular
पापेin sin / in sinful act
पापे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootपाप
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
निविशतेenters, becomes engaged
निविशते:
TypeVerb
Rootविश्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Atmanepada
मनःmind
मनः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमनस्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
स्वकर्मकलुषम्the impurity of one's own actions
स्वकर्मकलुषम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootस्वकर्मकलुष
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
कृत्वाhaving done / having made
कृत्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootकृ
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund)
कृच्छेin distress / in hardship
कृच्छे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootकृच्छ्र
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
लोकेin the world (state of existence)
लोके:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootलोक
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
विधीयतेis placed/ordained; is made to be
विधीयते:
TypeVerb
Rootधा (वि + धा)
FormPresent, Passive, Third, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
M
mind (manaḥ)
S
sin (pāpa)
W
world of hardship (kṛcchra-loka)

Educational Q&A

The mind falls into sinful action when the person aligns with harmful impulses (like desire and anger). Because karma is self-made, the resulting suffering is also self-incurred: one’s own deeds lead one into a painful state of existence.

In the Shanti Parva’s instruction on dharma and conduct, Bhishma continues advising the king (Yudhishthira) about ethical causality: inner faults corrupt the mind, and actions born from that corruption bring inevitable suffering.