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Shloka 33

जनक-राज्ञः मौण्ड्य-परिव्रज्या-विवादः

Janaka’s Renunciation Questioned; Discourse on Dāna and Detachment

त्रयीं च नाम वार्ता च त्यक्त्वा पुत्रान्‌ व्रजन्ति ये । त्रिविष्टब्धं च वासश्र प्रतिगृह्नन्त्यबुद्धयः,“बहुत-से मूर्ख मनुष्य तीनों वेदोंके अध्ययन, इनमें बताये गये कर्म, कृषि, गोरक्षा, वाणिज्य तथा अपने पुत्रोंका परित्याग करके चल देते हैं और त्रिदण्ड एवं भगवा वस्त्र धारण कर लेते हैं

trayīṃ ca nāma vārtā ca tyaktvā putrān vrajanti ye | trivisṭabdhaṃ ca vāsaś ca pratigṛhṇanty abuddhayaḥ ||

Arjuna nói: “Có nhiều kẻ ngu muội từ bỏ việc học ba bộ Veda và những nghề nghiệp hợp pháp của đời sống, thậm chí bỏ cả con trai mà lên đường làm kẻ du phương. Rồi họ cầm trượng tam-đoạn và khoác áo cà-sa—những dấu hiệu xuất gia bên ngoài—mà không có sự hiểu biết chân thật.”

त्रयीम्the triad of Vedas / the three Vedas
त्रयीम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootत्रयी
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
नामindeed / namely (emphatic particle)
नाम:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनाम
वार्ताम्livelihood (agriculture, cattle-rearing, trade)
वार्ताम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवार्ता
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
त्यक्त्वाhaving abandoned
त्यक्त्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootत्यज्
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage-neutral for gerund)
पुत्रान्sons / children
पुत्रान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपुत्र
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
व्रजन्तिthey go / depart
व्रजन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootव्रज्
FormPresent (Lat), Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
येwho (those who)
ये:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
त्रिविष्टब्धम्three-staffed (tridaṇḍa)
त्रिविष्टब्धम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootत्रिविष्टब्ध
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
वासःgarment / clothing
वासः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवासस्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
प्रतिगृह्णन्तिthey accept / take up
प्रतिगृह्णन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootप्रतिग्रह् (प्रति + ग्रह्)
FormPresent (Lat), Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
अबुद्धयःthe foolish (people)
अबुद्धयः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअबुद्धि
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural

अजुन उवाच

A
Arjuna
T
trayī (the three Vedas)
V
vārttā (agriculture/cattle-rearing/trade as livelihood)
P
putra (sons/children)
T
tridaṇḍa (triple staff)
V
vāsaḥ (renunciant robe)

Educational Q&A

External symbols of ascetic life—such as the triple staff and ochre robe—do not constitute true renunciation. Abandoning Vedic study and rightful responsibilities (including family and livelihood) without inner wisdom is portrayed as folly; discernment and dharmic grounding are essential.

Arjuna speaks critically about people who prematurely or ignorantly adopt the appearance of a renunciant. He contrasts outward abandonment (leaving Vedic learning, work, and even sons) with the need for genuine understanding, implying that mere costume and departure do not equal spiritual attainment.