Shloka 15

जनक-राज्ञः मौण्ड्य-परिव्रज्या-विवादः

Janaka’s Renunciation Questioned; Discourse on Dāna and Detachment

Devanagari script

नैव ते5स्ति परो लोको नापर: पापकर्मण: । धर्म्यान्‌ दारान्‌ परित्यज्य यस्त्वमिच्छसि जीवितुम्‌

Transliteration

naiva te 'sti paro loko nāparaḥ pāpakarmaṇaḥ | dharmyān dārān parityajya yas tvam icchasi jīvitum ||

Translation

Arjuna nói: “Với kẻ làm điều tội lỗi, cả đời này lẫn đời sau đều không có an lạc chân thật. Bỏ rơi người vợ chính danh theo dharma và muốn sống một mình, ngài đã chọn con đường đáng trách; vì thế, hạnh phúc ở đời này cũng như hạnh phúc sau khi chết sẽ không thuộc về ngài.”

Word by Word

• na: not
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: na

• eva: indeed/just
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: eva

• te: of you/for you
• te: Sampradana
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: tvad
• Form: any, Genitive, Singular

• asti: is/exists
• Type: Verb
• Root: as
• Form: Present Indicative, 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

• paraḥ: other/further
• Type: Adjective
• Root: para
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• lokaḥ: world (here: the other world)
• Type: Noun
• Root: loka
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• na: nor/not
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: na

• aparaḥ: this/other (here: this world)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: apara
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• pāpakarmaṇaḥ: of the evil-doer / of one with sinful deeds
• Type: Noun
• Root: pāpakarman
• Form: Masculine, Genitive, Singular

• dharmyān: righteous/due-to-dharma
• dharmyān: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: dharmya
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Plural

• dārān: wives (lawful spouses)
• dārān: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: dāra
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Plural

• parityajya: having abandoned
• Type: Verb
• Root: pari-tyaj
• Form: Absolutive (Gerund), Parasmaipada (usage)

• yaḥ: who
• yaḥ: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: yad
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• tvam: you
• tvam: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: tvad
• Form: any, Nominative, Singular

• icchasi: you desire/wish
• Type: Verb
• Root: iṣ
• Form: Present Indicative, 2nd, Singular, Parasmaipada

• jīvitum: to live
• Type: Verb
• Root: jīv
• Form: Infinitive (Tumun), Parasmaipada (usage)

Speaker

अजुन उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Arjuna
• wife (dharmyā dārāḥ)
• this world (apara loka)
• the other world (para loka)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

Personal conduct must align with dharma: abandoning one’s lawful spouse and duties is treated here as adharma, bringing loss of well-being both in this life and in the hereafter.

What is happening in the narrative?

Arjuna rebukes a person who wishes to live alone after abandoning a righteous wife, warning that such a choice is sinful and will not yield happiness either in the present world or in the next.