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Shloka 13

Adhyāya 177: Pañca-mahābhūta-vicāra and Vṛkṣa-jīva-lakṣaṇa

Five Elements Inquiry and the Status of Plant Life

त॑ वै सदा कामचरमनुपस्तीर्णशायिनम्‌ । बाहूपधान शाम्यन्तं प्रशंसन्ति दिवौकस:

taṁ vai sadā kāmacaram anupastīrṇaśāyinam | bāhūpadhānaṁ śāmyantaṁ praśaṁsanti divaukasaḥ ||

Bhīṣma nói: “Người ấy đi lại tùy ý, nhưng thuận theo trật tự thiêng liêng; ngủ trên mặt đất trần không trải chiếu, lấy chính đôi tay làm gối, và luôn an tịnh. Chư thiên nơi cõi trời cũng hết lần này đến lần khác ca ngợi người ấy.”

तम्him
तम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
वैindeed
वै:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवै
सदाalways
सदा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसदा
कामचरम्moving as he wishes / acting at will
कामचरम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootकामचर
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
अनुपस्तीर्णशायिनम्one who lies down without a spread bed (on bare ground)
अनुपस्तीर्णशायिनम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootअनुपस्तीर्ण-शायिन्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
बाहूपधानम्having the arms as a pillow
बाहूपधानम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootबाहू-उपधान
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
शाम्यन्तम्being calm / becoming tranquil
शाम्यन्तम्:
Karma
TypeVerb
Rootशम्
FormPresent, Singular, Parasmaipada, Shatru (present active participle), Masculine, Accusative
प्रशंसन्तिpraise
प्रशंसन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootप्र-शंस्
FormPresent, Indicative, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
दिवौकसःthe dwellers of heaven (gods)
दिवौकसः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदिवौकस्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma (speaker)
D
divaukasaḥ (celestial beings/devas)

Educational Q&A

The verse extols a dharmic ideal of simplicity and inner mastery: one who is content with minimal comforts, remains calm, and moves in harmony with higher order is worthy of praise—even by the gods. Ethical excellence is shown through restraint, non-dependence on luxuries, and steady tranquility.

Bhishma, in his Shanti Parva instruction, describes a virtuous person whose austere lifestyle and serene disposition mark him as exemplary. The description functions as a model of conduct within Bhishma’s broader discourse on dharma and right living after the war.