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Shloka 25

बक-गौतमाख्यानम् / The Baka–Gautama Account

On Gratitude and Friendship Ethics

अकृष्टाश्वैव हंसाश्चन ऋषयो वाग्नियोनय: । वानप्रस्था: पृश्रयश्च स्थिता ब्रह्मानुशासने

bhīṣma uvāca |

akṛṣṭāś caiva haṃsāś ca ṛṣayo vāgnayonayaḥ |

vānaprasthāḥ pṛśrayāś ca sthitā brahmānuśāsane ||

Bhīṣma nói: “Những vị sống nhờ hạt lúa tự mọc không cần cày bừa, các ẩn sĩ ‘haṃsa’, các hiền giả sinh từ lửa, và các vānaprastha cư trú rừng sâu—cùng với các khổ hạnh pṛśraya—tất cả đều an trụ dưới pháp lệnh của Phạm Thiên, gìn giữ Chánh pháp vĩnh cửu.”

अकृष्टाश्वाःthose whose horses are unploughed/unused (a class of sages/ascetics)
अकृष्टाश्वाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअकृष्टाश्व
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
इवlike/as
इव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव
हंसाःswans; (by extension) hamsa-ascetics
हंसाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootहंस
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
ऋषयःsages
ऋषयः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootऋषि
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
वाग्नियोनयःthose whose origin is fire (fire-born sages)
वाग्नियोनयः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवाग्नियोनि
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
वानप्रस्थाःforest-dwellers (in the vānaprastha stage)
वानप्रस्थाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवानप्रस्थ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
पृश्रयःpṛśri-s (a class/group of ascetics; reading uncertain)
पृश्रयः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपृश्रि
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
स्थिताःstanding/abiding; situated
स्थिताः:
TypeVerb
Rootस्था
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural, क्त (past passive participle)
ब्रह्मानुशासनेin/under Brahmā’s ordinance/command
ब्रह्मानुशासने:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootब्रह्मानुशासन
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
B
Brahmā
Ṛṣis (sages)
H
Haṃsa ascetics
A
Agni-born sages (vāgnayonayaḥ)
V
Vānaprasthas
P
Pṛśraya ascetics

Educational Q&A

The verse presents exemplary ascetic and forest-dwelling modes of life as legitimate expressions of dharma when they are aligned with Brahmā’s ordinance—i.e., with the cosmic and scriptural order—thereby emphasizing that true religious life is measured by conformity to dharma rather than by mere external austerity.

In Bhishma’s instruction during the Śānti Parva, he lists categories of sages and renunciants—those living on uncultivated produce, ‘haṃsa’ ascetics, fire-born seers, and vānaprasthas—describing them as steadfast followers of the eternal dharma under Brahmā’s command.