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Shloka 456

Adhyāya 166: Kṛtaghna-doṣa (कृतघ्नदोषः) — the fault of ingratitude and the limits of expiation

तावती: स समा राजन्‌ नरके प्रतिपद्यते । अतः न ब्राह्मणको गाली दे और न उसे कभी धरती पर गिरावे। राजन! ब्राह्मणके शरीरमें घाव हो जानेपर उससे निकला हुआ रक्त धूलके जितने कणोंको भिगोता है, उसे चोट पहुँचानेवाला मनुष्य उतने ही वर्षोतक नरकमें पड़ा रहता है

tāvatīḥ sa samā rājan narake pratipadyate | ataḥ na brāhmaṇako gālī de aur na use kabhī dhartī par girāve | rājan! brāhmaṇake śarīrameṃ ghāva ho jānepara usase nikalā huā rakta dhūlake jitane kaṇoṃko bhigotā hai, use coṭa pahuṃcānevālā manuṣya utane hī varṣoṃtaka narakameṃ paṛā rahatā hai |

Bhīṣma nói: “Tâu Đại vương, trong ngần ấy năm, kẻ ấy sẽ rơi vào địa ngục. Vì vậy, chớ bao giờ mắng nhiếc một Bà-la-môn, cũng chớ bao giờ đánh ngã họ xuống đất. Tâu Đại vương, nếu gây thương tích trên thân thể Bà-la-môn, thì trong bao nhiêu năm mà dòng máu chảy ra thấm ướt được bấy nhiêu hạt bụi, kẻ hành hung sẽ phải nằm trong địa ngục bấy nhiêu năm.”

तावतीःso many (years)
तावतीः:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootतावत्
FormFeminine, Nominative, Plural
सःhe
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
समाःyears
समाः:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootसमा
FormFeminine, Nominative, Plural
राजन्O king
राजन्:
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
नरकेin hell
नरके:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootनरक
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
प्रतिपद्यतेfalls/comes to (attains)
प्रतिपद्यते:
TypeVerb
Rootप्रति-√पद्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Atmanepada

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
K
King (Yudhiṣṭhira implied)
B
Brahmin
N
Naraka (hell)
E
Earth/ground
B
Blood
D
Dust particles

Educational Q&A

The verse teaches that harming or even insulting a Brahmin is a grave adharma with severe karmic consequences: the punishment in hell is proportionate to the harm caused, emphasizing restraint in speech and action and the ruler’s duty to protect the socially and ritually revered.

In the Shanti Parva’s instruction section, Bhishma addresses the king (Yudhiṣṭhira) and lays down a rule of conduct: do not abuse or physically assault Brahmins. He illustrates the severity by a vivid measure—years in hell equal to the dust-particles wetted by the Brahmin’s spilled blood.