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Shloka 9

त्रिवर्गविचारः

Tri-varga Deliberation: Dharma, Artha, Kāma

दमस्तेजो वर्धयति पवित्र च दम: परम्‌ | विपाप्मा तेजसा युक्त: पुरुषो विन्दते महत्‌,दम तेजकी वृद्धि करता है, दम परम पवित्र साधन है, दमसे पापरहित हुआ तेजस्वी पुरुष परमपदको प्राप्त कर लेता है

damaḥ tejo vardhayati pavitraś ca damaḥ param | vipāpmā tejasā yuktaḥ puruṣo vindate mahat ||

Bhishma dạy rằng tự chế (dama) làm tăng tejas—hào quang nội tâm và sức mạnh tinh thần. Đó là kỷ luật thanh tịnh bậc nhất: khi một người nhờ tự chế mà lìa tội lỗi, lại được trang bị bởi tejas, người ấy đạt đến thiện ích tối thượng—sự vĩ đại và cảnh giới tối cao.

दमःself-control
दमः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदम
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तेजःsplendor, energy
तेजः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootतेजस्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
वर्धयतिincreases
वर्धयति:
TypeVerb
Rootवृध्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
पवित्रम्pure, purifying
पवित्रम्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootपवित्र
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
दमःself-control
दमः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदम
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
परम्supreme, highest
परम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootपर
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
विपाप्माsinless, free from evil
विपाप्मा:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootविपाप्मन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तेजसाwith splendor
तेजसा:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootतेजस्
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
युक्तःendowed, joined
युक्तः:
TypeAdjective
Rootयुज्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular, क्त, Passive (past participle)
पुरुषःman, person
पुरुषः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपुरुष
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
विन्दतेattains, finds
विन्दते:
TypeVerb
Rootविद्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Atmanepada
महत्great (thing), greatness
महत्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootमहत्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
P
puruṣa (the person)

Educational Q&A

Self-restraint (dama) is presented as a supreme purifier that strengthens tejas (inner moral-spiritual power). Through restraint one becomes free from sin, and such a purified, vigorous person attains the highest good.

In the Shanti Parva’s instruction on dharma, Bhishma continues advising Yudhishthira on ethical and spiritual disciplines. Here he highlights dama as a foundational practice that purifies conduct and leads to the highest attainment.