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Shloka 4

Khaḍgotpattiḥ (Origin and Dharmic Function of the Sword) | खड्गोत्पत्तिः

युधिछिर उवाच अज्ञानस्य प्रवृत्ति च स्थान वृद्धिक्षयोदयौ । मूलं योगं गतिं कालं॑ कारणं हेतुमेव च,युधिष्ठिरने पूछा--भूपाल! अज्ञानकी उत्पत्ति, स्थिति, वृद्धि, क्षय, उद्गम, मूल, योग, गति, काल, कारण और हेतु कया हैं?

yudhiṣṭhira uvāca | ajñānasya pravṛttiṁ ca sthāna-vṛddhi-kṣayodayau | mūlaṁ yogaṁ gatiṁ kālaṁ kāraṇaṁ hetum eva ca ||

Yudhiṣṭhira thưa: “Ôi bậc quân vương, xin hãy nói cho con về vô minh—sự khởi lên và vận hành của nó, trạng thái tồn tại, sự tăng trưởng và suy giảm, cùng sự phát lộ. Xin cũng giảng về gốc rễ, mối liên hệ (yoga), đường đi (gati), vai trò của thời gian, và điều gì thật sự là nguyên nhân cùng động lực trực tiếp của nó.”

युधिष्ठिरःYudhiṣṭhira
युधिष्ठिरः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootयुधिष्ठिर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
अज्ञानस्यof ignorance
अज्ञानस्य:
TypeNoun
Rootअज्ञान
FormNeuter, Genitive, Singular
प्रवृत्तिःarising; activity; origination
प्रवृत्तिः:
TypeNoun
Rootप्रवृत्ति
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
स्थानम्abiding; state; continuance
स्थानम्:
TypeNoun
Rootस्थान
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
वृद्धिःincrease; growth
वृद्धिः:
TypeNoun
Rootवृद्धि
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
क्षयःdecay; diminution; destruction
क्षयः:
TypeNoun
Rootक्षय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उदयौtwo risings/origins (dual form as in the received text)
उदयौ:
TypeNoun
Rootउदय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual
मूलम्root; source
मूलम्:
TypeNoun
Rootमूल
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
योगम्connection; conjunction; yoga
योगम्:
TypeNoun
Rootयोग
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
गतिम्course; movement; destiny
गतिम्:
TypeNoun
Rootगति
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
कालम्time
कालम्:
TypeNoun
Rootकाल
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
कारणम्cause
कारणम्:
TypeNoun
Rootकारण
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
हेतुम्reason; motive
हेतुम्:
TypeNoun
Rootहेतु
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
एवindeed; just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root

युधिछिर उवाच

Y
Yudhiṣṭhira

Educational Q&A

The verse frames a systematic ethical-philosophical inquiry: ignorance is not treated vaguely but analyzed through its lifecycle (arising, persistence, growth, decline) and through causal categories (root, connection, course, time, cause, motive). This prepares for a dharma-centered explanation of how delusion forms and how it can be understood and overcome.

In Śānti Parva’s instruction setting, Yudhiṣṭhira questions a royal-sage authority (addressed as ‘O king’) and asks for a detailed account of ajñāna—how it begins, how it operates in life, what sustains it, and what factors (including time and causation) govern it.