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Shloka 6

Adhyāya 159 — Dāna–Dakṣiṇā, Āpaddharma Measures, and Prāyaścitta Classifications

अत्यागश्चातितर्षश्न विकर्मसु च या: क्रिया: । कुलविद्यामदश्नैव रूपैश्चर्यमदस्तथा,लोभसे ही कृपणता, अत्यन्त तृष्णा, शास्त्रविरुद्ध कर्मोंमें प्रवृत्ति, कुल और विद्याविषयक अभिमान, रूप और ऐश्वर्यका मद, समस्त प्राणियोंके प्रति द्रोह, सबका तिरस्कार, सबके प्रति अविश्वास तथा कुटिलतापूर्ण बर्ताव होते हैं

bhīṣma uvāca | atyāgaś cātitarṣaś ca vikarmasu ca yāḥ kriyāḥ | kulavidyā-madaś caiva rūpaiś carya-madas tathā |

Bhīṣma nói: Từ sự keo kiệt và lòng khát khao quá độ nảy sinh những việc làm sai trái—những hành vi trái với śāstra. Cũng từ đó phát sinh kiêu mạn về dòng dõi và học vấn, cùng sự say đắm vì sắc đẹp và phú quý. Những lỗi lầm trong tâm ấy rồi biểu hiện thành thù nghịch với muôn loài, khinh miệt người khác, ngờ vực tất cả, và cách cư xử quanh co, gian trá. Vì thế, dục vọng và ngã mạn không được chế ngự trở thành hạt giống của adharma trong hành vi.

अत्यागःnon-giving, miserliness
अत्यागः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअत्याग
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अतितर्षःexcessive thirst/greed
अतितर्षः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअतितर्ष
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
विकर्मसुin wrongful acts
विकर्मसु:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootविकर्मन्
FormNeuter, Locative, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
याःwhich
याः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormFeminine, Nominative, Plural
क्रियाःactivities, actions
क्रियाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootक्रिया
FormFeminine, Nominative, Plural
कुलविद्यामदःpride in family and learning
कुलविद्यामदः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकुलविद्यामद
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
एवindeed, just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
रूपैःby/with beauty, forms
रूपैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootरूप
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
ऐश्वर्यमदःpride/intoxication of power/wealth
ऐश्वर्यमदः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootऐश्वर्यमद
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तथाlikewise, also
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma

Educational Q&A

Bhishma teaches that miserliness and excessive craving generate a chain of moral decline: they push a person into śāstra-opposed actions and inflate ego (pride in lineage, learning, beauty, and prosperity), which then manifests as hostility, contempt, distrust, and deceit. The remedy implied is restraint, generosity, and humility to prevent adharma from taking root.

In the Shanti Parva’s instruction on dharma after the war, Bhishma addresses Yudhiṣṭhira with ethical counsel. Here he lists inner vices and their outward social consequences, explaining how certain mental dispositions (greed and pride) lead to wrongful conduct and harm toward others.