Shloka 24

Adhyāya 159 — Dāna–Dakṣiṇā, Āpaddharma Measures, and Prāyaścitta Classifications

Devanagari script

शिष्टाचार: प्रियो येषु दमो येषु प्रतिष्ठित: । सुखं दुःखं सम॑ येषां सत्यं येषां परायणम्‌

Transliteration

śiṣṭācāraḥ priyo yeṣu damo yeṣu pratiṣṭhitaḥ | sukhaṁ duḥkhaṁ samaṁ yeṣāṁ satyaṁ yeṣāṁ parāyaṇam ||

Translation

Bhīṣma nói: Những ai yêu mến phong hóa của bậc hiền thiện; nơi họ, sự tự chế (dama) được thiết lập vững bền; đối với họ, lạc và khổ được xem như ngang nhau; và chân lý là chỗ nương tựa tối thượng—những người ấy hiện thân cho lý tưởng đạo đức kiên định, nâng đỡ dharma.

Word by Word

• शिष्टाचारः: good conduct, proper etiquette
• शिष्टाचारः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: शिष्टाचार
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• प्रियः: dear, beloved
• प्रियः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: प्रिय
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• येषु: in whom/for whom
• येषु: Adhikarana
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद्
• Form: Masculine/Neuter, Locative, Plural

• दमः: self-control, restraint
• दमः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: दम
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• येषु: in whom
• येषु: Adhikarana
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद्
• Form: Masculine/Neuter, Locative, Plural

• प्रतिष्ठितः: established, firmly set
• प्रतिष्ठितः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: प्रति-स्था
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular, Past passive participle (kta)

• सुखम्: happiness, pleasure
• सुखम्: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: सुख
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Singular

• दुःखम्: sorrow, pain
• दुःखम्: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: दुःख
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Singular

• समम्: equal, the same
• समम्: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सम
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Singular

• येषाम्: of whom/for whom
• येषाम्: Adhikarana
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद्
• Form: Masculine/Neuter, Genitive, Plural

• सत्यम्: truth
• सत्यम्: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: सत्य
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Singular

• येषाम्: of whom/whose
• येषाम्: Adhikarana
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद्
• Form: Masculine/Neuter, Genitive, Plural

• परायणम्: supreme refuge/goal, final resort
• परायणम्: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: परायण
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Singular

Speaker

भीष्म उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Bhīṣma

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse defines a dharmic character-type: one who loves the standards of the righteous (śiṣṭācāra), is grounded in self-restraint (dama), remains even-minded in pleasure and pain, and takes truth as the highest support. Together these mark inner steadiness and moral reliability.

What is happening in the narrative?

In Śānti Parva, Bhīṣma instructs Yudhiṣṭhira on dharma after the war. Here he lists qualities that identify truly virtuous persons, emphasizing disciplined conduct, equanimity, and unwavering commitment to truth.