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Shloka 112

Dama-pradhāna-dharma (Self-restraint as the Root of Dharma) — Śānti-parva 154

ते प्रत्यूचुरिदं वाक्‍्यं दुःखिता: प्रणता: स्थिता: । एकपुत्रविहीनानां सर्वेषां जीवितार्थिनाम्‌

te pratyūcur idaṃ vākyaṃ duḥkhitāḥ praṇatāḥ sthitāḥ | ekaputravihīnānāṃ sarveṣāṃ jīvitārthinām ||

Họ, ngập chìm trong đau khổ, đứng cúi đầu và đáp lại bằng những lời này—như những kẻ mất đi đứa con trai duy nhất, tất thảy đều bám víu lấy sự sống và khẩn cầu phương kế để còn tiếp tục sống.

तेthey
ते:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
प्रत्यूचुःreplied
प्रत्यूचुः:
Kriya
TypeVerb
Rootप्रति + वच्
FormPerfect (Liṭ), 3rd, Plural, Parasmaipada
इदम्this
इदम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
वाक्यम्speech; statement
वाक्यम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवाक्य
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
दुःखिताःafflicted; sorrowful
दुःखिताः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootदुःखित
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
प्रणताःbowed down; submissive
प्रणताः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootप्र + नम् (प्रणत)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
स्थिताःstanding; remaining
स्थिताः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootस्था (स्थित)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
एकपुत्रविहीनानाम्of those bereft of an only son
एकपुत्रविहीनानाम्:
Sambandha
TypeAdjective
Rootएक + पुत्र + विहीन
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Plural
सर्वेषाम्of all
सर्वेषाम्:
Sambandha
TypePronoun/Adjective
Rootसर्व
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Plural
जीवितार्थिनाम्of those desiring life; life-seekers
जीवितार्थिनाम्:
Sambandha
TypeNoun (agentive)
Rootजीवित + अर्थिन्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma

Educational Q&A

The verse foregrounds the ethical weight of compassion toward those crushed by personal loss: grief and vulnerability lead people to humility and supplication, reminding a ruler or elder to respond with sensitivity to suffering.

In Bhishma’s narration, a group of people—sorrowful and bowed down—respond to someone’s words. They identify themselves as bereft of an only son and as persons desperately seeking to preserve life, setting a tone of lament and appeal.