Shloka 49

Daṇḍa as the Foundation of Social Order (दण्डप्रतिष्ठा)

Devanagari script

लोकयात्रार्थमेवेह धर्मप्रवचनं कृतम्‌ । अहिंसासाधुहिंसेति श्रेयान्‌ धर्मपरिग्रह:

Transliteration

lokayātrārtham eveha dharmapravacanaṁ kṛtam | ahiṁsā sādhuhīṁseti śreyān dharmaparigrahaḥ ||

Translation

Arjuna nói: “Ở đời này, giáo huấn về dharma được nêu ra chính để duy trì dòng vận hành của cuộc sống thế gian. Khi nảy sinh thế lưỡng nan—giữ bất bạo động trong mọi hoàn cảnh hay dùng bạo lực đối với kẻ ác—thì điều tốt hơn là chọn hành động gìn giữ và bảo hộ dharma.”

Word by Word

• {'lokayātrā': 'the conduct/continuance of worldly life

• social order and practical living', 'artham': 'for the sake of

• purpose', 'eva': 'indeed

• precisely', 'iha': 'here

• in this world/teaching context', 'dharma': 'righteous order

• moral law', 'pravacanam': 'instruction

• teaching', 'kṛtam': 'has been made/done

• has been set forth', 'ahiṁsā': 'non-violence

• non-injury', 'sādhu-hīṁsā': 'violence against the wicked (sādhu here in the sense of ‘proper/justified’ or ‘directed at the wrongdoer’)', 'iti': 'thus

• in the form of a stated alternative', 'śreyān': 'better

• preferable', 'dharma-parigrahaḥ': 'adoption/acceptance of dharma

Speaker

अजुन उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Arjuna

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

Dharma is taught for the practical maintenance of life and society; when absolute non-violence conflicts with protecting dharma, one should choose the course that preserves dharma—even if it involves force against wrongdoers.

What is happening in the narrative?

Arjuna raises an ethical dilemma within the Shanti Parva discussion: how to reconcile the ideal of ahiṁsā with the need to restrain or punish the wicked, concluding that dharma’s preservation is the guiding criterion.