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Shloka 37

Daṇḍa as the Foundation of Social Order (दण्डप्रतिष्ठा)

न ब्रह्मचार्यधीयीत कल्याणी गौर्न दुह्मृते । न कन्योद्धहनं गच्छेद्‌ यदि दण्डो न पालयेत्‌

na brahmacāry adhīyīta kalyāṇī gaur na duhmṛte | na kanyoddahanaṃ gacched yadi daṇḍo na pālayet ||

Arjuna nói: “Nếu quyền lực của hình phạt và trị quốc—daṇḍa—không giữ gìn trật tự, thì người brahmacārin sẽ không chuyên tâm học Veda; ngay cả con bò hiền lành, nết tốt cũng chẳng chịu cho sữa; và thiếu nữ cũng không bước vào hôn phối. Không có sự che chở của kỷ cương hợp pháp, nhịp điệu thường nhật của dharma và đời sống xã hội sẽ sụp đổ.”

not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
ब्रह्मचार्यधीयीतshould study (the Veda)
ब्रह्मचार्यधीयीत:
TypeVerb
Rootअधि-इ (अध्ययने)
FormVidhi-lin (optative), 3rd, singular, Parasmaipada
कल्याणीauspicious, good
कल्याणी:
TypeAdjective
Rootकल्याणी
Formfeminine, nominative, singular
गौःcow
गौः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootगो
Formfeminine, nominative, singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
दुह्यतेis milked / yields milk
दुह्यते:
TypeVerb
Rootदुह् (दोहने)
FormLat (present indicative), 3rd, singular, Atmanepada (passive sense)
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
कन्याmaiden, daughter
कन्या:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकन्या
Formfeminine, nominative, singular
उद्वहनम्marriage (being led away in marriage)
उद्वहनम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootउद्वहन
Formneuter, accusative, singular
गच्छेत्should go / would proceed
गच्छेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootगम् (गतौ)
FormVidhi-lin (optative), 3rd, singular, Parasmaipada
यदिif
यदि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयदि
दण्डःpunishment; royal authority
दण्डः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदण्ड
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
पालयेत्should protect/maintain (order)
पालयेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootपाल् (पालने)
FormVidhi-lin (optative), 3rd, singular, Parasmaipada

अजुन उवाच

A
Arjuna
B
brahmacārin (Vedic student)
C
cow (gauḥ)
M
maiden (kanyā)
D
daṇḍa (royal punishment/governance)

Educational Q&A

The verse teaches that daṇḍa—lawful restraint and enforcement by authority—is necessary to safeguard dharma. When order is protected, education, economic life, and family institutions function; when it is not, even basic duties and social trust break down.

In the Shanti Parva’s discussion on dharma and statecraft, Arjuna speaks to emphasize the practical necessity of governance: without enforcement of boundaries, people will not reliably pursue study, livelihood, or marriage, and society becomes unstable.