Shloka 2

अजुन उवाच दण्ड: शास्ति प्रजा: सर्वा दण्ड एवाभिरक्षति । दण्ड: सुप्तेषु जागर्ति दण्डं धर्म विदुर्बुधा:,अर्जुन बोले--राजन्‌! दण्ड समस्त प्रजाओंका शासन करता है, दण्ड ही उनकी सब ओरसे रक्षा करता है, सबके सो जानेपर भी दण्ड जागता रहता है; इसलिये विद्वान पुरुषोंने दण्डको राजाका धर्म माना है

arjuna uvāca | daṇḍaḥ śāsti prajāḥ sarvā daṇḍa evābhirakṣati | daṇḍaḥ supteṣu jāgarti daṇḍaṃ dharma vidur budhāḥ ||

Arjuna thưa: “Tâu Đại vương, cây gậy trừng phạt—quyền uy trị quốc—uốn nắn mọi thần dân; chính nó bảo hộ họ bốn bề. Dẫu người đời đã ngủ, hình phạt vẫn thức canh. Vì thế bậc trí giả biết rằng daṇḍa là dharma của bậc quân vương—bổn phận chính đáng của việc trị vì.”

अर्जुनःArjuna
अर्जुनः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअर्जुन
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
दण्डःthe rod (punishment/royal authority)
दण्डः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदण्ड
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
शास्तिrules / chastises
शास्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootशास्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
प्रजाःsubjects, people
प्रजाः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootप्रजा
FormFeminine, Accusative, Plural
सर्वाःall
सर्वाः:
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्व
FormFeminine, Accusative, Plural
दण्डःthe rod (punishment/authority)
दण्डः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदण्ड
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
एवindeed, alone
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
अभिरक्षतिprotects (on all sides)
अभिरक्षति:
TypeVerb
Rootरक्ष्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada, अभि
दण्डःthe rod (punishment/authority)
दण्डः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदण्ड
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सुप्तेषुamong those asleep / when (people) are asleep
सुप्तेषु:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootसुप्त
FormMasculine/Neuter, Locative, Plural
जागर्तिkeeps awake, is vigilant
जागर्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootजागृ
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
दण्डम्the rod (punishment/authority)
दण्डम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootदण्ड
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
धर्मम्duty, law, dharma
धर्मम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
विदुःknow, consider
विदुः:
TypeVerb
Rootविद्
FormPerfect, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
बुधाःthe wise
बुधाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootबुध
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural

अजुन उवाच

A
Arjuna
K
King (rājan, addressed)

Educational Q&A

The verse teaches that daṇḍa—lawful punishment and the coercive authority of the state—is essential to uphold dharma: it restrains wrongdoing, protects society, and must remain vigilant even when individuals are careless or asleep. Hence, administering daṇḍa rightly is a central duty of the king.

In the Śānti Parva’s discourse on righteous rule and social order, Arjuna addresses the king and emphasizes that effective governance depends on daṇḍa: it governs all subjects, safeguards them, and functions as the ever-watchful instrument through which royal duty (rāja-dharma) is maintained.