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Shloka 39

Śaraṇāgata-Atithi-Dharma in the Kapota Narrative (कपोत-आख्यानम्—शरणागतधर्मः)

आपपत्सु विहितं स्तैन्यं विशिष्टसममहीनतः । विप्रेण प्राणरक्षार्थ कर्तव्यमिति निश्चय:,“आपत्तिकालमें प्राणरक्षाके लिये ब्राह्मणको श्रेष्ठ, समान तथा हीन मनुष्यके घरसे चोरी कर लेना उचित है, यह शास्त्रका निश्चित विधान है

āpapatsu vihitaṃ stainyaṃ viśiṣṭa-sama-mahīnataḥ | vipreṇa prāṇarakṣārthaṃ kartavyam iti niścayaḥ ||

Bhīṣma nói: “Trong thời khốn nguy, kinh điển cho phép việc trộm cắp như một biện pháp khẩn cấp. Một brāhmaṇa, để giữ mạng, có thể lén lấy từ nhà người bề trên, người ngang hàng, hay thậm chí kẻ thấp hơn—đó là điều lệ đã được xác lập của dharma trong lúc nguy biến.”

आपत्सुin calamities / in times of distress
आपत्सु:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootआपद्
FormFeminine, Locative, Plural
विहितम्prescribed / enjoined
विहितम्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootवि-धा (धातु) → विहित (कृदन्त)
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
स्तैन्यम्theft / stealing
स्तैन्यम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootस्तैन्य
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
विशिष्टfrom a superior (person/house)
विशिष्ट:
Apadana
TypeAdjective
Rootवि-शिष् (धातु) → विशिष्ट (कृदन्त)
FormMasculine, Ablative, Singular
समfrom an equal (person/house)
सम:
Apadana
TypeAdjective
Rootसम
FormMasculine, Ablative, Singular
अहीनतःfrom one not inferior (i.e., not lower)
अहीनतः:
Apadana
TypeAdjective
Rootअ-हीन
FormMasculine, Ablative, Singular
विप्रेणby a brahmin
विप्रेण:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootविप्र
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
प्राणरक्षार्थम्for the purpose of protecting life
प्राणरक्षार्थम्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootप्राण-रक्षा-अर्थ
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
कर्तव्यम्to be done / should be done
कर्तव्यम्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootकृ (धातु) → कर्तव्य (कृदन्त)
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
इतिthus
इति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति
निश्चयःthe settled conclusion / certainty
निश्चयः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनिश्चय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
B
brāhmaṇa (vipra)

Educational Q&A

The verse teaches āpaddharma: in extreme distress, preserving life can override ordinary prohibitions. For a brāhmaṇa facing life-threatening need, taking property by stealth is treated as śāstra-sanctioned in that emergency, regardless of the donor’s social rank.

In the Śānti Parva’s instruction on dharma, Bhīṣma lays down rules for conduct during crises. Here he states a specific exception to normal moral law—permitting theft for survival—framing it as a definitive scriptural determination for times of calamity.