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Shloka 44

Śaraṇāgatapālana—Prastāvanā

Protection of the Refuge-Seeker: Opening of the Kapota Narrative

'जो विश्वासपात्र नहीं है, उसपर कभी विश्वास न करे, परंतु जो विश्वासपात्र है, उसपर भी अधिक विश्वास न करे; क्योंकि अधिक विश्वाससे भय उत्पन्न होता है अतः बिना जाँचे बूझे किसीपर भी विश्वास न करे ।।

aviśvāsapātre na kadācit viśvaset, viśvāsapātre 'pi cāti-viśvāsaṁ na kuryāt; ati-viśvāsād bhayaṁ jāyate, tasmād ajñātvā na kasyacid viśvāsaṁ kuryāt. viśvāsayitvā tu paraṁ tattvabhūtena hetunā, athāsya praharet kāle kiñcid vicalite pade.

Bhīṣma nói: “Chớ tin kẻ không đáng tin; và ngay cả người đáng tin cũng đừng tin quá mức. Vì từ sự tin cậy thái quá mà nỗi sợ và hiểm họa phát sinh. Bởi vậy, đừng tin ai khi chưa xét kỹ và hiểu rõ. Nhưng nếu trước hết đã giành được lòng tin của đối phương bằng một lý do có vẻ vững chắc và ‘chân thật’, thì đến đúng thời điểm—khi bước chân họ chỉ hơi chao đảo—hãy ra đòn.”

विश्वासयित्वाhaving made (someone) trust / having trusted
विश्वासयित्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootविश्वासय् (caus. of √श्वस्/√वस् in sense 'to trust')
Formक्त्वान्त (absolutive/gerund), परस्मैपदी-प्रयोग (causative sense), indeclinable
तुbut, however
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
परम्the other (person)
परम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootपर
Formmasculine, accusative, singular
तत्त्वभूतेनby a real/essential (i.e., genuine) one
तत्त्वभूतेन:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootतत्त्वभूत
Formmasculine/neuter, instrumental, singular
हेतुनाby/with a reason, cause, pretext
हेतुना:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootहेतु
Formmasculine, instrumental, singular
अथthen, thereupon
अथ:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअथ
अस्यof him / against him (contextually: on him)
अस्य:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootइदम् (pronoun base: अस्मद्/इदम् → अस्य)
Formmasculine/neuter, genitive, singular
प्रहरेत्should strike/attack
प्रहरेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootप्र-√हृ (to strike) / √हन् (in sense 'to smite')
Formविधिलिङ् (optative), 3rd, singular, परस्मैपद
कालेat the time, at the right moment
काले:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootकाल
Formmasculine, locative, singular
किञ्चित्a little, somewhat
किञ्चित्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकिञ्चित्
विचलितेwhen (it is) shaken/slipped
विचलिते:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootवि-चलित
Formक्त (past passive participle used adjectivally), neuter, locative, singular
पदेin a step/position/footing
पदे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootपद
Formneuter, locative, singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma

Educational Q&A

Exercise discernment in trust: do not trust the untrustworthy, and do not become careless even with the trustworthy. Over-trust creates vulnerability; therefore, trust should follow examination and understanding.

In Bhishma’s instruction on dharma and polity in the Shanti Parva, he warns about the risks of misplaced or excessive trust and describes a common tactic of adversaries: first gaining confidence with plausible reasons and then exploiting a moment of weakness.