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Shloka 14

Kāpavya-carita (कापव्यचरित) — Reforming Dasyus through Regulated Rāja-Dharma

यथा सुमधुरौ दम्यौ सुदान्तौ साधुवाहिनौ | धुरमुद्यम्य वहतास्तथा वर्तेत वै नृप:

yathā sumadhurau damyau sudāntau sādhuvāhinau | dhuram udyamya vahatas tathā varteta vai nṛpaḥ ||

Bhīṣma nói: “Như đôi bò tơ—dáng vẻ ưa nhìn, được huấn luyện, thuần phục nghiêm cẩn, đủ sức mang ách—nâng gánh nặng lên vai và kéo đi vững vàng, tốt đẹp; thì nhà vua cũng phải như vậy: khéo gánh vác và cai quản trọng trách của vương quốc mình.”

यथाjust as
यथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा
Formindeclinable (comparative particle)
सुमधुरौvery gentle/sweet (in disposition)
सुमधुरौ:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसुमधुर
Formmasculine, nominative, dual
दम्यौto be tamed / tractable
दम्यौ:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootदम्य
Formmasculine, nominative, dual
सुदान्तौwell-trained, well-restrained
सुदान्तौ:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसुदान्त
Formmasculine, nominative, dual
साधुwell, properly
साधु:
TypeAdjective
Rootसाधु
Formindeclinable/adjectival (used as first member of compound)
वाहिनौbearing/carrying (well)
वाहिनौ:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootवाहिन्
Formmasculine, nominative, dual
धुरम्yoke; burden
धुरम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootधुर्
Formfeminine, accusative, singular
उद्यम्यhaving lifted/raised
उद्यम्य:
TypeVerb
Rootउद्-यम्
Formabsolutive (क्त्वा-प्रत्यय), indeclinable
वहतःcarrying, bearing
वहतः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootवह्
Formpresent active participle, masculine nominative dual
तथाso, in that manner
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
Formindeclinable
वर्तेतshould act/behave; should conduct himself
वर्तेत:
TypeVerb
Rootवृत्
Formoptative (विधिलिङ्), 3rd person, singular, Atmanepada
वैindeed
वै:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवै
Formindeclinable (emphatic particle)
नृपःthe king
नृपः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनृप
Formmasculine, nominative, singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
N
nṛpa (king)
D
dhura (yoke/burden)
T
two oxen (damyau)

Educational Q&A

A ruler must be trained, self-controlled, and capable—like well-broken oxen—so that he can steadily carry the heavy responsibility of protecting and administering the kingdom.

In Śānti Parva, Bhīṣma instructs Yudhiṣṭhira on rājadharma (the duties of kings). Here he uses a practical agrarian metaphor—two disciplined oxen bearing a yoke—to illustrate how a king should manage the weight of statecraft.