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Shloka 11

Kāpavya-carita (कापव्यचरित) — Reforming Dasyus through Regulated Rāja-Dharma

बहवो ग्रामवास्तव्या रोषाद्‌ ब्रूयु: परस्परम्‌ । न तेषां वचनाद्‌ राजा सत्कुर्याद् घातयीत वा

bahavo grāmavāstavya roṣād brūyuḥ parasparam | na teṣāṁ vacanād rājā satkuryād ghātayīta vā ||

Bhīṣma nói: “Khi nhiều dân làng vì giận dữ mà tố nhau trước mặt vua—khen người này, chê người kia—thì bậc quân vương không được chỉ dựa vào lời họ mà hoặc trừng phạt ai, hoặc ban vinh dự cho ai. Nhà vua chớ để những cuộc cãi vã nơi công chúng và những lời tường trình thiên lệch làm nền cho phán quyết; chỉ sau khi tra xét cẩn trọng mới nên hành xử.”

बहवःmany
बहवः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootबहु
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
ग्रामवास्तव्याःvillage-dwellers
ग्रामवास्तव्याः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootग्रामवास्तव्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
रोषात्from anger / out of anger
रोषात्:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootरोष
FormMasculine, Ablative, Singular
ब्रूयुःmight say / should say
ब्रूयुः:
TypeVerb
Rootब्रू
FormOptative, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
परस्परम्mutually / against each other
परस्परम्:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपरस्पर
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
तेषाम्of them
तेषाम्:
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Plural
वचनात्from (their) word / on the basis of (their) statement
वचनात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootवचन
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular
राजाthe king
राजा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सत्कुर्यात्should honor / should treat well
सत्कुर्यात्:
TypeVerb
Rootसत्कृ
FormOptative, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
घातयीतshould cause to be killed / should execute
घातयीत:
TypeVerb
Rootघातय् (णिच्) ← हन्
FormOptative, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
T
the king (rājā)
V
villagers (grāmavāstavyaḥ)

Educational Q&A

A ruler must not base punishment or honor solely on angry, partisan reports. Justice requires restraint and verification; public quarrels and mutual accusations are unreliable grounds for royal action.

In the Shanti Parva’s instruction on rāja-dharma, Bhishma advises the king (Yudhiṣṭhira contextually) that when villagers come in anger accusing and praising each other, the king should neither punish nor reward merely on their testimony.