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Shloka 34

Kośa, Bala, and Maryādā: Treasury, Capacity, and Enforceable Limits (कोश-बल-मर्यादा)

धिक्‌ तस्य जीवित राज्ञो राष्ट्र यस्यावसीदति । अवृत्त्यान्यमनुष्योडपि यो वैदेशिक इत्यपि,जिसके राज्यकी प्रजा तथा वहाँ आये हुए परदेशी मनुष्य भी जीविकाके बिना कष्ट पा रहे हों उस राजाके जीवनको धिक्‍कार है

dhik tasya jīvitaṁ rājño rāṣṭraṁ yasyāvasīdati | avṛttyānyamanuṣyo ’pi yo vaideśika ity api ||

Bhishma nói: “Đáng hổ thẹn cho mạng sống của vị vua ấy, khi vương quốc của ông chìm trong khốn khổ—bởi thiếu kế sinh nhai mà ngay cả dân thường, và cả những người ngoại quốc đến đất nước ông, cũng phải chịu cảnh cơ cực. Quyền được sống của bậc quân vương bị lên án nếu ông không thể bảo đảm miếng ăn và sự ổn định cho những người nằm dưới sự che chở của mình.”

धिक्fie! shame!
धिक्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootधिक्
तस्यof that (man)
तस्य:
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
Formmasculine/neuter, genitive, singular
जीवितम्life
जीवितम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootजीवित
Formneuter, nominative, singular
राज्ञःof the king
राज्ञः:
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
Formmasculine, genitive, singular
राष्ट्रम्kingdom, realm
राष्ट्रम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootराष्ट्र
Formneuter, nominative, singular
यस्यwhose
यस्य:
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
Formmasculine/neuter, genitive, singular
अवसीदतिsinks, falls into distress
अवसीदति:
TypeVerb
Rootसद्
Formpresent, indicative, third, singular, parasmaipada
अवृत्त्याby lack of livelihood; through unemployment
अवृत्त्या:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootअवृत्ति
Formfeminine, instrumental, singular
अन्यanother; other
अन्य:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअन्य
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
मनुष्यःa man, person
मनुष्यः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमनुष्य
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
अपिalso, even
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
यःwho
यः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
वैदेशिकःa foreigner; one from another country
वैदेशिकः:
Karta
TypeNoun/Adjective
Rootवैदेशिक
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
इतिthus; as (called)
इति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति
अपिalso, even
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
R
rājā (king)
R
rāṣṭra (kingdom/realm)
V
vaideśika (foreigner)

Educational Q&A

A king’s legitimacy is measured by public welfare: if his realm declines and people (including visiting foreigners) suffer due to lack of livelihood, his very life is morally blameworthy. Rājadharma requires securing sustenance, stability, and protection for all within the kingdom.

In the Śānti Parva’s instruction on rājadharma, Bhīṣma is advising Yudhiṣṭhira about the ethical duties of rulership. Here he condemns negligent governance, emphasizing that a ruler must ensure economic support and basic security for subjects and even outsiders who reside in the realm.