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Shloka 33

त्रिवर्गमूलनिश्चयः — Determining the Roots of Dharma, Artha, and Kāma

Mahābhārata, Śānti-parva 123

कालं॑ सर्वेशमकरोत्‌ संहारविनयात्मकम्‌ | मृत्योक्षतुर्वि भागस्य दुःखस्य च सुखस्य च,संहार और विनय (उत्पादन) जिसका स्वरूप है, उस सर्वेश्वर कालको चार प्रकारकी मृत्युका, सुखका और दुःखका भी स्वामी बनाया

kālaṃ sarveśam akarot saṃhāra-vinayātmakaṃ | mṛtyoś catur-vibhāgasya duḥkhasya ca sukhasya ca ||

Vasuharoma nói: Ngài đã đặt Thời Gian—Đấng Tối Thượng, nơi sự hoại diệt và sinh thành cùng nương tựa—làm chủ tể của bốn loại chết, và cũng làm chủ tể của khổ đau cùng hạnh phúc.

कालम्Time (as a deity)
कालम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootकाल
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
सर्वेशम्lord of all
सर्वेशम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसर्वेश
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
अकरोत्made
अकरोत्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootकृ
FormImperfect (Lan), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
संहार-विनय-आत्मकम्having the nature of destruction and restraint/discipline
संहार-विनय-आत्मकम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootसंहारविनयात्मक
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
मृत्योःof death
मृत्योः:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootमृत्यु
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
चतुर्विभागस्यof the fourfold division
चतुर्विभागस्य:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootचतुर्विभाग
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
दुःखस्यof sorrow
दुःखस्य:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootदुःख
FormNeuter, Genitive, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
सुखस्यof happiness
सुखस्य:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootसुख
FormNeuter, Genitive, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root

वसुहरोम उवाच

वसुहरोम (Vasuharoma)
काल (Kāla/Time)
मृत्यु (Death)

Educational Q&A

Time (Kāla), as a supreme governing principle, presides over dissolution and origination and thus over death (in its classified forms) as well as over human experiences of sorrow and happiness; this encourages humility, acceptance, and dharmic steadiness amid change.

Vasuharoma is describing a cosmological arrangement: Time is established as the overarching ruler whose nature includes both destruction and generation, and under whose authority fall death’s divisions and the alternating experiences of pain and pleasure.