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Shloka 4

Daṇḍotpatti-kathana (Origin and Function of Daṇḍa) — वसुहोम–मान्धातृ संवाद

प्रभो! देवता, ऋषि, पितर, महात्मा, यक्ष, राक्षस, पिशाच तथा साध्यगण एवं पशु- पक्षियोंकी योनिमें निवास करनेवाले जगत्‌के समस्त प्राणियोंके लिये भी सर्वव्यापी महातेजस्वी दण्ड ही कल्याणका साधन है ।।

Yudhiṣṭhira uvāca: Prabho! devatā-ṛṣi-pitaro mahātmānaḥ yakṣa-rākṣasa-piśācāḥ tathā sādhyagaṇāḥ evaṃ paśu-pakṣīṇāṃ yoniṣu nivāsinaś ca jagataḥ samastaprāṇinaḥ prati sarvavyāpī mahātejasvī daṇḍa eva kalyāṇasya sādhanam. Ity evam ukte bhavatā daṇḍe vai sacarācaram, paśyatā lokam āsaktaṃ sasurāsuramānuṣam; etad icchāmy ahaṃ jñātuṃ tattvena, bharatarṣabha.

Yudhiṣṭhira thưa: “Bạch Chúa tể! Đối với mọi loài hữu tình trong thế gian—chư thiên, các bậc hiền triết, tổ tiên, những bậc đại hồn, yakṣa, rākṣasa, piśāca, các Sādhyas, và cả những kẻ nương thân trong thai loài thú và chim—chỉ riêng Daṇḍa, quyền lực trừng phạt và kiềm chế theo pháp, vốn uy quang và thấm khắp, mới là phương tiện đưa đến an lạc. Vì Ngài đã tuyên rằng toàn thể vũ trụ, động và bất động, đều nương tựa nơi Daṇḍa, trong khi Ngài thấy thế gian bám chặt dục vọng—từ chư thiên, asura đến loài người—hỡi bậc hùng ngưu của dòng Bharata, con mong được hiểu chân lý ấy đúng như bản tính thực của nó.”

इतिthus
इति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति
एवम्in this manner
एवम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएवम्
उक्तेwhen (it was) said
उक्ते:
Adhikarana
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
Formक्त (past passive participle), Neuter, Locative, Singular
भवताby you (hon.)
भवता:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootभवत्
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
दण्डेin/with regard to punishment (daṇḍa)
दण्डे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootदण्ड
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
वैindeed
वै:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवै
that
:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
चराचरम्moving and unmoving (all beings)
चराचरम्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootचराचर
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
पश्यताby (you) seeing
पश्यता:
Karana
TypeVerb
Rootदृश्
Formशतृ (present active participle), Masculine, Instrumental, Singular
लोकम्the world
लोकम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootलोक
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
आसक्तम्attached/engrossed
आसक्तम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootआसक्त
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
together with
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
सुरwith the gods
सुर:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootसुर
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
असुरwith the asuras
असुर:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootअसुर
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
मानुषम्mankind / the human (world)
मानुषम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootमानुष
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
एतत्this
एतत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
इच्छामिI wish/desire
इच्छामि:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootइष्
Formलट् (present), परस्मैपद, 1st, Singular
अहम्I
अहम्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootअहम्
FormNominative, Singular
ज्ञातुम्to know
ज्ञातुम्:
Karma
TypeVerb
Rootज्ञा
Formतुमुन् (infinitive)
तत्त्वेनin truth / truly
तत्त्वेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootतत्त्व
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
भरतर्षभO bull among the Bharatas
भरतर्षभ:
TypeNoun
Rootभरत-ऋषभ
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

युधिछ्िर उवाच

Y
Yudhiṣṭhira
D
Daṇḍa
D
Devatāḥ (gods)
Ṛṣayaḥ (seers)
P
Pitaraḥ (ancestors)
M
Mahātmānaḥ (great souls)
Y
Yakṣāḥ
R
Rākṣasāḥ
P
Piśācāḥ
S
Sādhyāḥ
A
Asurāḥ
M
Mānuṣāḥ (humans)
P
Paśavaḥ (beasts)
P
Pakṣiṇaḥ (birds)
S
Sacarācara-jagat (the moving and unmoving world)
B
Bharata lineage (implied by address bharatarṣabha)

Educational Q&A

Daṇḍa—understood as rightful punishment and the restraining power of law—functions as a universal instrument of welfare: it curbs harmful impulses, protects beings, and stabilizes dharma across all realms (divine, demonic, human, and animal).

In the Shānti Parva’s discourse on rājadharma, Yudhiṣṭhira addresses the teacher-figure (honored as ‘bharatarṣabha’) and asks for a deeper, principled explanation of the claim that the entire moving and unmoving world is founded upon Daṇḍa, especially since all beings are seen to be attached to desire and self-interest.