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Shloka 51

Daṇḍa-svarūpa-nirūpaṇa

The Nature, Forms, and Function of Daṇḍa

पाण्डुनन्दन! धर्मात्मा पुरुषोंमें जो विशेषरूपसे सम्पूर्ण विषयोंका ज्ञाता हो, उसीको मन्त्री बनावे और उसकी सुरक्षाका विशेष प्रबन्ध करे। प्रजाका विश्वास-पात्र और कुलीन राजा नरेशोंको वशमें करनेमें समर्थ होता है ।।

Pāṇḍunandana! dharmātmā puruṣeṣu yo viśeṣarūpase samasta-viṣayānāṃ jñātā bhavet, tam eva mantriṇaṃ kuryāt, tasya ca rakṣāyāḥ viśeṣa-prabandhaṃ vidadhyāt. Prajāyā viśvāsa-pātraḥ kulīnaś ca rājā nareśān vaśe kartum samartho bhavati. Vidhi-prayuktān naradeva-dharmān uktān samāsena nibodha, buddhā. Imān vidadhyād vyatisṛtya yo vai rājā mahīṃ pālayituṃ sa śaktaḥ.

Bhishma nói: “Hỡi con của Pāṇḍu, hãy chọn làm đại thần người có đức hạnh, am tường vượt trội mọi việc thực tiễn, và phải đặc biệt lo liệu sự an toàn cho người ấy. Một vị vua cao quý, được dân tin cậy, có thể khuất phục các vua khác. Những bổn phận của bậc quân vương do śāstra dạy và được vận dụng theo đúng phép tắc, ta đã nói tóm lược ở đây; hãy suy xét bằng trí sáng và ghi khắc trong lòng. Vị vua nào học từ thầy, giữ vững trong tim và đem ra thực hành, người ấy mới thật có thể bảo hộ đất nước (cõi đất của mình).”

विधि-प्रयुक्तान्enjoined/appointed by rule (scriptural injunction)
विधि-प्रयुक्तान्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootविधि + प्रयुक्त (√युज्/प्र-√युज्, क्त)
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
नरदेव-धर्मान्duties/laws of the king (god among men)
नरदेव-धर्मान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootनरदेव + धर्म
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
उक्तान्stated/declared
उक्तान्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootउक्त (√वच्, क्त)
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
समासेनbriefly, in summary
समासेन:
Karana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसमास
निबोधunderstand, learn
निबोध:
TypeVerb
Rootनि-√बुध्
FormImperative, 2nd, Singular, Parasmaipada
बुद्धO wise one / O awakened one
बुद्ध:
TypeNoun
Rootबुद्ध (√बुध्, क्त; voc.)
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
इमान्these
इमान्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
विदध्यात्should arrange/establish/perform
विदध्यात्:
TypeVerb
Rootवि-√धा
FormOptative, 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
व्यतिसृत्यhaving deviated/overstepped (them)
व्यतिसृत्य:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootव्यति-√सृ (ल्यप्/क्त्वा-प्रत्यय)
यःwho
यः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
वैindeed
वै:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवै
राजाthe king
राजा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
महीम्the earth/kingdom
महीम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootमही
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
पालयितुम्to protect/govern
पालयितुम्:
TypeVerb
Rootपालयितुम् (√पाल्, तुमुन्)
FormInfinitive (tumun)
सःhe
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
शक्तःable, capable
शक्तः:
TypeAdjective
Rootशक्त
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
P
Pāṇḍunandana (Yudhiṣṭhira)
M
mantrin (minister)
P
prajā (subjects)
N
nareśāḥ (other kings)
M
mahī (earth/kingdom)
G
guru (teacher)

Educational Q&A

A king should appoint a uniquely competent and righteous minister, ensure that minister’s security, and rule through śāstra-guided royal duties; trustworthiness and noble conduct build public confidence and political strength.

In the Śānti Parva’s instruction on rājadharma, Bhīṣma addresses Yudhiṣṭhira, summarizing key kingly duties and emphasizing that learning them properly (from a teacher) and practicing them is what enables a ruler to protect and govern the realm.