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Shloka 12

Daṇḍa-svarūpa-nirūpaṇa

The Nature, Forms, and Function of Daṇḍa

उच्छितान्‌ नाशयेत्‌ स्फीतान्‌ नरेन्द्रानचलोपमान्‌ । श्रयेच्छायामविज्ञातां गुप्तं रणमुपाश्रयेत्‌

ucchitān nāśayet sphītān narendrān acalopamān | śrayecchāyām avijñātāṁ guptaṁ raṇam upāśrayet ||

Bhishma nói: “Hãy quật ngã những vị vua cao ngạo, thịnh vượng—những bậc quân vương vững như núi. Khiến họ không hay biết, hãy nương dưới ‘bóng râm’ của họ (tức hoạt động dưới lớp che phủ của ảnh hưởng họ), rồi chọn đúng thời cơ mà dùng lối đánh kín đáo, ngầm ẩn.”

उच्छितान्arrogant/overbearing (ones)
उच्छितान्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootउच्छित
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
नाशयेत्should destroy
नाशयेत्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootनश् (णश्) / नाशय् (causative)
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
स्फीतान्prosperous, powerful
स्फीतान्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootस्फीत
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
नरेन्द्रान्kings, lords of men
नरेन्द्रान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootनरेन्द्र
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
अचलोपमान्like mountains (immovable)
अचलोपमान्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootअचलोपम
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
श्रयेत्should resort to, should take refuge
श्रयेत्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootश्रि
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Atmanepada
छायाम्shadow; protection
छायाम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootछाया
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
अविज्ञाताम्unknown, unnoticed
अविज्ञाताम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootअविज्ञात
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
गुप्तम्secret(ly), concealed
गुप्तम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootगुप्त
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
रणम्battle, war
रणम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootरण
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
उपाश्रयेत्should take recourse to; should undertake
उपाश्रयेत्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootउप-आ-श्रि
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Atmanepada

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
N
narendra (kings)

Educational Q&A

The verse teaches a hard-edged principle of rājadharma/rājanīti: when facing powerful, entrenched rulers, one may rely on indirect means—operating under their cover without being detected and employing covert, opportunistic strategy—rather than open confrontation.

In Śānti Parva, Bhishma instructs on kingship and political strategy. Here he outlines how a weaker or aspiring power might undermine strong, prosperous kings: infiltrate their sphere of influence unnoticed and then initiate conflict in a concealed, well-timed manner.