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Shloka 1

Adhyāya 118: Saciva-parīkṣā

Testing and Appointment of Ministers/Servants

(दाक्षिणात्य अधिक पाठका १ श्लोक मिलाकर कुल २४ श्लोक हैं) सप्तदशाधिकशततमो< ध्याय: कुत्तेका शरभकी योनिमें जाकर महर्षिके शापसे पुनः कुत्ता हो जाना भीष्म उवाच व्याप्रश्नेटजमूलस्थस्तृप्त: सुप्तो हतैर्मगै: । नागश्नागात्‌ तमुद्देशं मत्तो मेघ इवोद्धत:

bhīṣma uvāca | vyāghraḥ śveta-jambu-mūla-sthaḥ tṛptaḥ suptaḥ hataiḥ mṛgaiḥ | nāgaḥ āgāt tam uddeśaṃ mattaḥ megha iva uddhataḥ ||

Bhīṣma nói: Tâu Đại vương, con hổ sau khi ăn thịt những con nai nó đã hạ sát, no nê rồi nằm ngủ ngay gần am thất, dưới gốc cây jambu trắng. Đúng lúc ấy, một con voi đen, đang say cuồng vì kỳ phát dục (rut), cao lớn như một đám mây phồng lên, tiến đến nơi đó. Cảnh này mở ra khuôn khổ đạo lý: kiêu mạn và men say quyền lực không được chế ngự có thể khuấy động cả trật tự yên bình; và những cuộc chạm mặt bất ngờ trở thành phép thử của sự tự chế và dharma.

भीष्मःBhishma
भीष्मः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभीष्म
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect, 3, Singular
व्याघ्रःthe tiger
व्याघ्रः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootव्याघ्र
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
श्वेतज-मूलस्थःsituated at the root of the Śvetaja (tree)
श्वेतज-मूलस्थः:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootश्वेतज-मूलस्थ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तृप्तःsatiated
तृप्तः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootतृप्त
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सुप्तःasleep
सुप्तः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसुप्त
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
हतैःwith (animals) killed
हतैः:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootहत
FormMasculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Plural
मृगैःby/with deer (game animals)
मृगैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootमृग
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
नागःan elephant
नागः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनाग
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
आगात्came/arrived
आगात्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootगम्
FormAorist, 3, Singular
तम्that
तम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
उद्देशम्place/region
उद्देशम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootउद्देश
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
मत्तःintoxicated, in rut
मत्तः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootमत्त
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
मेघःa cloud
मेघः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमेघ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
इवlike, as if
इव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव
उद्धतःraised up, towering; impetuous
उद्धतः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootउद्धत
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
T
the King (Yudhiṣṭhira, implied)
T
tiger
E
elephant (nāga)
H
hermitage/hut of a sage (implied by context)
W
white jambu tree

Educational Q&A

The verse prepares an ethical lesson through a vivid encounter: when beings are driven by intoxication of strength (mada), they disrupt peace and provoke conflict. It frames later reflection on restraint, the consequences of arrogance, and the need to act within dharma even amid sudden threats.

A tiger, satisfied after eating deer he has killed, sleeps near a sage’s hermitage at the root of a white jambu tree. Suddenly a dark, rut-maddened elephant, towering like a cloud, arrives at that spot—setting up an imminent confrontation.