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Shloka 16

Adhyāya 115: On Restraint Under Verbal Provocation in the Assembly (सभायां आक्रोश-सहिष्णुता)

जैसे साँप अपने फनको ऊँचा उठाकर प्रकाशित करता है, उसी प्रकार जनसमुदायमें किसी महापुरुषकी निन्दा करनेवाला दुरात्मा अपने ही दोषोंको प्रकट करता है ।।

yathā sarpaḥ svaphanaṃ ūrdhvaṃ kṛtvā prakāśayati, tathā janasamūhe mahāpuruṣa-nindakaḥ durātmā svadoṣān eva prakāśayati. taṃ svakarmāṇi kurvāṇaṃ pratikartuṃ ya icchati, sa bhasmakuṭa ivābuddhiḥ kharo rajasi sajjati.

Bhishma nói: Như con rắn ngẩng cao mang lên khiến mình lộ rõ trước mắt, kẻ ác giữa đám đông mà phỉ báng bậc đại nhân cũng chỉ tự phơi bày lỗi lầm của chính mình. Và ai muốn trả đũa kẻ ti tiện ấy—kẻ chỉ đang làm cái nghiệp của mình là nói xấu sau lưng—thì chẳng khác nào con lừa ngu lăn trong đống tro: mắc kẹt trong bụi bặm và chìm trong khổ sở, rốt cuộc chỉ chuốc lấy phiền não.

तम्him/that (person)
तम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
स्वकर्माणिone's own deeds
स्वकर्माणि:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootस्वकर्मन्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Plural
कुर्वाणम्doing (performing)
कुर्वाणम्:
Karma
TypeVerb
Rootकृ
FormPresent, Parasmaipada, शतृ (present active participle), Masculine, Accusative, Singular
प्रतिकर्तुम्to retaliate / to do in return
प्रतिकर्तुम्:
Karma
TypeVerb
Rootप्रति + कृ
Formतुमुन् (infinitive)
यःwho
यः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
इच्छतिdesires / wishes
इच्छति:
Kriya
TypeVerb
Rootइष्
FormPresent, Indicative, Parasmaipada, Third, Singular
भस्मकूटःa heap of ashes
भस्मकूटः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभस्मकूट
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
इवlike / as
इव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव
अबुद्धिःone without understanding; foolish (person)
अबुद्धिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअ + बुद्धि
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
खरःa donkey
खरः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootखर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
रजसिin dust / in dirt
रजसि:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootरजस्
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
सज्जतिclings / gets stuck / wallows
सज्जति:
Kriya
TypeVerb
Rootसञ्ज्
FormPresent, Indicative, Parasmaipada, Third, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
S
snake (sarpa)
H
hood (phaṇa)
G
great person (mahāpuruṣa)
D
donkey (khara)
H
heap of ashes (bhasmakuṭa)
D
dust/dirt (rajas)

Educational Q&A

Slandering the noble publicly exposes the slanderer’s own defects; and retaliating against such a person only entangles one in further misery. The ethical counsel is restraint in response, letting the wrongdoer’s vice reveal itself without dragging oneself into the same dust.

In Shanti Parva’s instruction on dharma, Bhishma advises Yudhishthira through vivid similes: the slanderer is like a snake that makes itself conspicuous by raising its hood, and the retaliator is like a donkey rolling in ashes—both images warning against public blame and against vengeful reaction.