Shloka 22

शकुनि (हिरण्मय-पक्षी) उपदेशः — Vighasāśin and the Difficulty of Gārhasthya

Devanagari script

एतद्‌ विदुस्तपो विप्रा द्वन्द्ातीता विमत्सरा: । तस्माद्‌ व्रतं मध्यमं तु लोकेषु तप उच्यते,जिनके मनमें किसीके प्रति ईर्ष्या नहीं है, जो सब प्रकारके द्वन्द्वोंसे रहित हैं, वे ब्राह्मण इसीको तप मानते हैं। यद्यपि लोकमें व्रतकों भी तप कहा जाता है, किंतु वह पंचयज्ञके अनुष्ठानकी अपेक्षा मध्यम श्रेणीका है

Transliteration

etad vidus tapo viprā dvandvātītā vimatsarāḥ | tasmād vrataṁ madhyamaṁ tu lokeṣu tapa ucyate ||

Translation

Các Bà-la-môn đã vượt qua mọi cặp đối đãi và không còn lòng đố kỵ hiểu rằng chỉ điều ấy mới là khổ hạnh chân thật. Vì vậy, tuy trong đời người ta cũng gọi việc giữ giới nguyện (vrata) là “khổ hạnh”, nhưng so với kỷ luật cao hơn—sự bình đẳng nội tâm và việc thực hành bổn phận thiêng liêng một cách vô tư—thì đó chỉ thuộc bậc trung.

Word by Word

• {'etad': 'this (very thing)', 'viduḥ': 'know, understand (perfect/preterite sense: ‘have known’)', 'tapaḥ': 'austerity

• disciplined self-restraint', 'viprāḥ': 'Brahmins

• learned sages', 'dvandvātītāḥ': 'those who have gone beyond dualities (pleasure/pain, gain/loss, honor/dishonor, etc.)', 'vimatsarāḥ': 'free from matsara (envy, jealousy, spite)', 'tasmāt': 'therefore, for that reason', 'vratam': 'vow

• self-imposed rule', 'madhyamam': 'middling

• intermediate in rank', 'tu': 'but

• indeed (contrast/emphasis)', 'lokeṣu': 'in the world

• among people', 'ucyate': 'is called

Speaker

अजुन उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Arjuna
• viprāḥ (Brahmins)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

True tapas is primarily inner: freedom from envy and transcendence of dualities. External vows may be called austerity, but they are secondary unless grounded in inner equanimity and purity of intent.

What is happening in the narrative?

Arjuna articulates a doctrinal point within the Shanti Parva’s ethical instruction: he reports what wise Brahmins regard as genuine austerity, contrasting inner transformation with merely external observances.