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Shloka 17

शकुनि (हिरण्मय-पक्षी) उपदेशः — Vighasāśin and the Difficulty of Gārhasthya

देववंशान्‌ पितृवंशान्‌ ब्रह्मवंशांश्व शाश्वतान्‌ | संत्यज्य मूढा वर्तन्ते ततो यान्त्यश्रुतीपथम्‌

devavaṁśān pitṛvaṁśān brahmavaṁśāṁś ca śāśvatān | saṁtyajya mūḍhā vartante tato yānty aśrutīpatham ||

Arjuna nói: “Những con đường vĩnh cửu là ba: tôn kính các dòng dõi chư thiên, tôn kính các dòng dõi tổ tiên, và nuôi dưỡng dòng dõi Bà-la-môn/ṛṣi bằng việc tự học Veda và học hỏi thánh điển. Kẻ mê muội bỏ ba con đường ấy mà theo lối khác, tức rơi vào con đường nằm ngoài thẩm quyền của Veda.”

देववंशान्the lineages/rites of the gods
देववंशान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootदेववंश
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
पितृवंशान्the lineages/rites of the Pitṛs (ancestors)
पितृवंशान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपितृवंश
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
ब्रह्मवंशान्the Brahmanical/Vedic lineages (Vedic tradition)
ब्रह्मवंशान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootब्रह्मवंश
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
शाश्वतान्eternal, perennial
शाश्वतान्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootशाश्वत
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
संत्यज्यhaving abandoned
संत्यज्य:
TypeVerb
Rootसम् + त्यज्
Formल्यप् (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage-neutral for gerund)
मूढाःthe deluded/fools
मूढाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमूढ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
वर्तन्तेthey proceed/behave
वर्तन्ते:
TypeVerb
Rootवृत्
FormLat, Present, Atmanepada, Third, Plural
ततःtherefore/from that
ततः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootततः
यान्तिthey go
यान्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootया
FormLat, Present, Parasmaipada, Third, Plural
अश्रुति-पथम्a path not sanctioned by Śruti (Veda)
अश्रुति-पथम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअश्रुति-पथ
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular

अजुन उवाच

A
Arjuna
D
Devas (gods)
P
Pitṛs (ancestors)
B
Brahma-vaṁśa (Vedic/ṛṣi tradition)
Ś
Śruti (Veda)

Educational Q&A

Dharma is upheld by sustaining three perennial obligations: reverence to the gods (deva-yajña), reverence to the ancestors (pitṛ-yajña), and preservation of the Vedic-ṛṣi tradition through study and transmission (brahma-yajña). Abandoning these leads to conduct that is outside Śruti, i.e., lacking Vedic sanction.

Arjuna articulates a normative standard of right conduct: he identifies the traditional triad of duties that maintain cosmic, familial, and intellectual-spiritual continuity, and warns that rejecting them results in a non-Śruti (non-Vedic) path.