Previous Verse
Next Verse

Shloka 38

मृदु-तीक्ष्ण-नीति तथा दुष्टलक्षण-विज्ञानम्

Measured Policy and the Recognition of Malicious Disposition

यदा स्यान्महती सेना हयनागरथाकुला । पदातियन्त्रबहुला अनुरक्ता षडज्धिनी

yadā syān mahatī senā hayanāgarathākulā | padātiyantrabahulā anuraktā ṣaḍaṅginī ||

Bhīṣma nói: Khi một vị vua có trong tay một đạo quân hùng hậu—đầy ngựa, voi và chiến xa, dồi dào bộ binh cùng các khí cụ chiến trận, đủ trọn sáu binh chủng—lại trung thành, tận tụy với chủ soái; và khi nhà vua thấy phe mình đang thịnh đạt theo nhiều cách so với kẻ địch, thì không nên nuôi thêm do dự nào khác, mà phải công khai bắt đầu giáng đòn lên bọn cướp bóc và kẻ cướp đường, để dẹp nạn và giữ gìn trật tự theo dharma.

यदाwhen
यदा:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयदा
स्यात्would be / should be
स्यात्:
TypeVerb
Rootअस् (भू)
FormVidhi-linga, 3, singular, Parasmaipada
महतीgreat, large
महती:
TypeAdjective
Rootमहत्
Formfeminine, nominative, singular
सेनाarmy
सेना:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसेना
Formfeminine, nominative, singular
हयhorse
हय:
TypeNoun
Rootहय
Formmasculine
नागelephant
नाग:
TypeNoun
Rootनाग
Formmasculine
रथchariot
रथ:
TypeNoun
Rootरथ
Formmasculine
आकुलाfilled with, crowded with
आकुला:
TypeAdjective
Rootआकुल
Formfeminine, nominative, singular
पदातिfoot-soldier
पदाति:
TypeNoun
Rootपदाति
Formmasculine
यन्त्रmachine/engine; war-device
यन्त्र:
TypeNoun
Rootयन्त्र
Formneuter
बहुलाabundant in, having many
बहुला:
TypeAdjective
Rootबहुल
Formfeminine, nominative, singular
अनुरक्ताattached, devoted
अनुरक्ता:
TypeAdjective
Rootअनु-रञ्ज्
Formkta (past passive participle used adjectivally), feminine, nominative, singular
षडङ्गिनीsix-limbed (having six divisions)
षडङ्गिनी:
TypeAdjective
Rootषड् + अङ्गिन्
Formfeminine, nominative, singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
S
senā (army)
H
haya (horses)
N
nāga (elephants)
R
ratha (chariots)
P
padāti (infantry)
Y
yantra (military engines)

Educational Q&A

A king should act decisively against banditry and plunder once he has a strong, well-equipped, loyal, fully constituted army and sees favorable conditions. Royal power is justified here as protective force in service of dharma and public safety.

In the Śānti Parva’s instruction on rājadharma, Bhīṣma advises Yudhiṣṭhira on statecraft: when the ruler’s military strength and cohesion are established and circumstances are advantageous, he should openly commence operations against criminals who prey on society.